眼表菌群是由一群定植在眼球表面的黏膜上皮以及覆盖其上的泪膜之中的各种微生物构成的微生物群体.眼表菌群和眼表上皮组织的共生维持了眼表生态系统的稳定,保证了眼表的健康状态.人类微生物组计划的启动和研究技术的迅猛发展使微生物菌群和人体健康关系的研究进入了一个新的发展阶段,为微生物感染性疾病的发病机制研究和治疗方法开辟了全新的思路.本文就近年来国内外对正常人结膜囊菌群以及角膜炎、结膜炎、眼内炎、泪囊炎、睑缘炎等感染性眼病和干眼、角膜接触镜配戴等致病因素对眼表菌群的影响,眼表菌群与眼表疾病的联系方面的研究进展进行综述.“,”The microbiota of the ocular surface consists of diverse microbial communities and colonizes on the ocular mucous membrane including tear film.The symbiotic relationship maintains the stabilization of ocular biosystem and ensures its healthy status.The initiation of the Human Microbiome Project and the rapid development of the relevant research technologies promote the study of the relationship between microbial communities and human health to a new era,which open up new train of thought for the pathogenesis and treatment of microbial infectious disease.This article reviewed the recent research advances on the microbiota of ocular surface and the influence of some pathogenic factors,including keratitis,conjunctivitis,endophthalmitis,dacryocystitis,blepharitis,dry eye and corneal contact lens on the microbiota of the ocular surface,the relationship between the microbiota of the ocular surface and ocular surface diseases.