目的探讨降钙素原(PCT)早期发现新生儿重症监护室(NICU)医院感染病例并指导抗生素应用的临床价值。方法选取我院NICU因非感染性疾病入院、住院过程中出现医院感染败血症的患儿为观察组,选择同期新生儿科收治的非感染性疾病患儿为对照组。比较观察组出现感染首发症状6 h内和12~24 h两个时段与对照组同日龄时PCT和超敏C-反应蛋白(hsCRP)水平。结果观察组共入选57例,对照组共入选37例。观察组感染发生6 h内PCT水平高于对照组[(1.7±1.2)μg/L比(0.4±0.1)μg/L,P<0.05],hsCRP水平两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),感染发生12~24 h观察组PCT和hsCRP水平均高于对照组[PCT:(15.3±7.6)μg/L比(0.4±0.1)μg/L,hsCRP:(13.7±5.6)mg/L比(4.0±0.9)mg/L,P<0.05]。随感染时间的延长,观察组患儿PCT和hsCRP均持续升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 PCT和hsCRP均是检测细菌感染的敏感指标,但PCT出现时间早,在早期发现医院感染病例中有早期、敏感等优势。 Objective To investigate the clinical value of procalcitonin (PCT) in early detection of nosocomial infections in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and to guide the application of antibiotics. Methods NICU hospital admission due to non-infectious diseases, hospitalized patients with nosocomial sepsis in the observation group were selected during the same period of neonatal treatment of children with non-infectious diseases as control group. The levels of PCT and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) at the same age in control group were compared within 6 h and 12 ~ 24 h in the observation group. Results The observation group were enrolled 57 cases, the control group were enrolled 37 cases. The level of PCT in the observation group was higher than that in the control group within 6 h ([1.7 ± 1.2] μg / L vs (0.4 ± 0.1) μg / L, P <0.05], but there was no significant difference in hsCRP between the two groups ), And the levels of PCT and hsCRP in the observation group from 12 to 24 h after infection were significantly higher than those in the control group (PCT: 15.3 ± 7.6 μg / L vs 0.4 ± 0.1 μg / L, hsCRP: (13.7 ± 5.6) mg / L (4.0 ± 0.9) mg / L, P <0.05]. With the extension of infection time, the PCT and hsCRP in the observation group continued to increase, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusions Both PCT and hsCRP are sensitive indicators for detection of bacterial infection, but the PCT appears early, early detection of nosocomial infections in early cases, sensitive and other advantages.