法兰西公学院教授、法国当代著名政治思想家皮埃尔·罗桑瓦龙所著《法兰西政治模式——1789年至今公民社会与雅各宾主义的对立》一书于2004年由法国瑟伊出版社出版,~①中文版由三联书店于2012年出版。~②法国的政治模式在西方独树一帜。近代早期,法国形成了强大的中央集权,与此相适应的是:法国的贵族势力相对而言遭到打压,城乡个体缴纳的直接税构成了维持中央集权的经济基础,因此可以说法国形成了两极化社会(近年来,对这一观点,法国学界也有人提出异议)。这种政治形态为开始于1789年的大革命中一波高过一波的激烈革命运动以及具有恐怖色彩的雅各宾专政的出现奠定了基础。19世纪,法国继续上演一幕幕风起云涌的激烈革命。对于这样一种政治文化,罗桑瓦龙指出,两极化模式的特质表现为雅各宾主义的革命思潮。在这本书中,他以中间体的发展以及政府对待中间体的态度为研究主线,认为国家对中间体采取了政治一元论和社会多元论的策略,从而在19和20世纪使雅各宾主义获得了重建和重构。依据这样一种路径,在公权力得到加强和扩展的同时,法国的政治模式也发生了缓慢的、但却是深刻的改变。罗桑瓦龙声称,他的这一研究视角是对两个世纪以来法兰西模式整体变迁的一种新的诠释,也是对法国民主现代性的一种宏观构思。鉴于罗桑瓦龙在这本书中所讨论的中间体的发展对中国社会的演进具有一定的借鉴意义,《史学理论研究》编辑部特邀请4位研究法国史的学者对这本书进行笔谈,希望能够引起学术界对中间体问题的关注。 French public school professor, French contemporary famous political thinker Pierre? Lausanne Wa Long, “the French political model - since 1789 so far the conflict between civil society and Jacobinism” in 2004 by the French Saie publishing house Published, ~ ① Chinese version published by Joint Publishing in 2012. ~ ② France’s political model is unique in the West. In the early modern period, France formed a powerful centralization of power. In line with this, the aristocracy in France was relatively suppressed. The direct tax paid by urban and rural individuals constituted the economic basis for maintaining centralization. Therefore, it can be said that the formation of bipolarity in France In recent years, some people in French academic circles have also raised objections to this view. This political form laid the foundation for the emergence of a wave of violent revolutionary movements beginning in the Great Revolution of 1789 and of the dreadful Jacobin dictatorship. During the 19th century, France continued to staged a fiery and violent revolution. For such a political culture, Rosalong Long pointed out that the peculiarities of the polarization model show the revolutionary ideological trend of Jacobinism. In this book, he takes the development of intermediates and the attitude of the government toward intermediates as the main line of research. He considers that the state adopted a strategy of political monism and social pluralism for intermediaries, thus enabling Jacobinism to be obtained in the 19th and 20th centuries Reconstruction and reconstruction. According to such a path, along with the strengthening and expansion of public power, the French political model has also undergone a slow but profound change. Rosalong Long asserted that his research perspective was a new interpretation of the overall changes in the French model over the past two centuries and a macro concept of French democratic modernity. Since the development of the intermediates discussed by Roberto Wallon in this book can be of some reference to the evolution of Chinese society, the editorial department of “Studies in Historical Science” specially invited four scholars who studied French history to write down the book , Hoping to arouse the academic concern about the intermediate problem.