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如何从空间目标序列性二维(2-D,Two-Dimentional)逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR,Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar)成像获取目标的三维(3-D)信息,是目标特征自动识别(ATR,Automatic Target Recognition)技术的重要研究课题。利用双向射线跟踪(BART,Bidirectional Analytic Ray Tracing)方法,计算连续多角度观测条件下空间目标的电磁散射数据,并由此获取空间目标的ISAR序列2-D图像。再利用KLT(Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi)特征跟踪算法,跟踪提取2-D序列ISAR图像中的特征点(强散射点),获得其2-D坐标。然后,基于正交因式分解法(OFM,Orthographic Factorization Method),计算强散射点的3-D坐标,获取空间目标的3-D信息。通过简单六棱柱模型,验证重构算法的精度;并以ENVISAT卫星模型为例,给出强散射点的3-D重构结果。结果表明,本文对空间目标3-D信息获取方法能有效地从ISAR序列2-D图像中重构目标的三维信息。
How to obtain the target’s 3-D (3-D) information from In-space Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) imaging is the key of ATR (Automatic Target Recognition) Target Recognition) technology is an important research topic. The electromagnetic scattering data of the space target under continuous multi-angle observation conditions are calculated by the method of Bidirectional Analytic Ray Tracing (BART), and the 2-D ISAR sequence image of the space target is obtained. Secondly, the feature points (strong scatter points) in the 2-D sequence ISAR image are tracked by the Kante-Lucas-Tomasi (KLT) feature tracking algorithm to obtain the 2-D coordinates. Then, based on the Orthogonal Factorization Method (OFM), the 3-D coordinates of the strong scattering point are calculated and the 3-D information of the spatial target is obtained. The accuracy of the reconstruction algorithm is verified by a simple hexagonal prism model. The 3-D reconstruction results of strong scattering points are given by taking the ENVISAT satellite model as an example. The results show that this method can effectively reconstruct the target’s three-dimensional information from ISAR sequence 2-D images.