新中国建立至今,政党与公民社会的关系变迁主要经历了法团主义、双重破坏、渐进开放和秩序合作四个时期。从政党类型学的角度来看,上世纪九十年代以来,执政党开始在群众型政党模式的基础上部分吸纳全方位政党的特征。在这一过程中,虽然政党介于国家与公民社会之间的基本格局并未发生变迁,但执政党介入公民社会的幅度和深度出现了明显变化。从功能主义路径来看,改革开放之前,以政党为中心的体制内诉求是公民主要的集体行动模式。改革开放之后,虽然政党路径仍然是重要的公民行动模式,但其重要性在下降。同时,以公民社会为中心的公民集体行动在逐渐兴起。 Since the founding of New China, the relations between political parties and civil society have undergone four periods, mainly corporatism, double destruction, gradual opening up and order cooperation. From the point of view of party typology, since the nineties of the last century, the ruling party began to partially absorb the characteristics of an all-party party based on the mass-based party model. In this process, although the basic pattern of the political parties between the state and the civil society has not changed, there has been a clear change in the scope and depth of the involvement of the ruling party in civil society. From the perspective of functionalism, prior to the reform and opening up, the internal demands of the system centered on political parties were the major mode of collective action of citizens. After the reform and opening up, although the path of political parties remained an important mode of citizen action, its importance declined. At the same time, the collective action of citizens taking civil society as the center is gradually emerging.