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听到传说中的伴随情况,你是不是立即想到了V-ing式，一点都没错，但它只是其中一种形式。伴随情况是一种语法现象，又叫伴随状语。难度真的不算大，但有时也会让你“痛彻心扉”。因此笔者现在将伴随情况这一语法知识点公式化。
说到伴随情况，好多语法书上说伴随情况是同时进行的，此话一点都没错，但容易让学生误会两个动作完美地“同时进行”了，其实非也。伴随情况中的动作和主句谓语动作不一定完全同时进行，只要处在共生时间区间，伴随动作和主句动作存有时间交集即可。
那么，何时用伴随状语呢？三种情况：①一个主语发出两个动作；②一个主语处于两种状态；③一个主语发出一个动作同时伴有某种状态。第一种，两个动作必须同时进行，第二种和第三种，处于共生时间区间即可，而且可以是开区间。
下面笔者就将伴随情况呈现为7个公式，以方便读者掌握和记忆：
1. S+V+O，doing/done：此时doing这个动作发出的主语是前面的S，done这个动作的受方是S,两者都是主语的伴随情况。
2. S+V+?O doing/done：此时doing前没逗号，doing这个动作的发出者是前面的O，done这个动作的受方是O，两者表示宾语的伴随情况。
3. S+V（+?O） with sb．/sth．doing/done：此时doing这个动作由sb．/sth．发出，done这个动作的受方是sb．/sth．， 两者表示主语的伴随情况。
4. S1+V，S2+doing+O（即S1的宾格）：S2+doing+ O在这个句型公式里是典型的独立主格结构，表示的是主语的伴随情况。
5. S+V（+?O）, Adj．（phrase）：此句型公式中的逗号也可以没有，形容词或形容词短语作伴随状语，是一种状态的伴随。此时通常表示的也是主语的伴随情况。
6. S+V+Noun：这个Noun是S的身份职业特征等，也是一种状态的伴随，表示主语的伴随情况。
7. S+V（+?O）+ Prep．phrase：介词短语作伴随，也是一种状态的伴随，表示主语的伴随情况。
伴随情况主要就是如上7种，为方便记忆，你可以将1—4归为“分词式伴随”，5—7归为“经典词式伴随”，名词、形容词和介词都是学习中的经典词类。另外要注意的是：上述的7个公式中的S+V+?O的主句结构包括主系表结构在内，同时也可以与后句颠倒位置。
我们来看一下2012年高考福建卷的一道题：
1.Pressed from his parents，and _____that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games.
A. realizing B. realized
C. to realize D. being realized
根据伴随情况1号公式，立即排除CD两项。再根据realize动作的实际发出者应该是the boy，选定答案A项。前面的pressed from his parents也是本句的一个伴随情况，在多数伴随情况中，过去分词有时往往可看作形容词。此处的pressed，你既可以把它看作被动，也可以看作形容词。类似的经典用法举例：Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. Lost这个词在伴随情况中通常不看作被动，而是看作一个形容词。
2. Do you wake up every morning ______ energetic and ready to start a new day?
A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt
此题根据伴随情况1号公式选定答案C项。在疑问句式中，1号公式的逗号可以省去。伴随情况1号公式是最普通的也是最常考的，但在下面这两个例题中，则容易发生误选to do项的情况，导致失分。
3.The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu, ________the students to return to their classrooms.
A.?enabling B. having enabled
C. to enable D. to have enabled
4.More highways have been built in China, ______ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
A. making B. made C. to make D. having made
第3和第4两题答案都是A项，统统都是伴随状语。第3题容易误选C项，表示目的，但通常不定式前不能用逗号。第4题也易误选C项，to make表示一种将来的意味或者目的，同第3题，前不能有逗号，将来的含义与前句“已经建了”不吻合。综合来讲，3、4两题都是考查前一个分句的整体对后面一个对象的作用结果，一般认可的正确答案是使用现在分词做伴随状语。
限于篇幅，本文到此为止，我也已经讲完了。
配套练习
1. that she will come soon,he is prepairing the meal.
A. Knowing B. Being known C. Having known D. Knew
2. After the long journey, the three of them went back home, .
A. hungry and tiredly B. hungry and tired
C. hungrily and tiredly D. hungrily and tired
3. A cool rain was falling, with snow.
A. mixed B. mixing C.to mix D. having mixed
4. The policeman put down the phone , with a smile on his face.
A. satisfied B. satisfying
C. to be satisfied D. having satisfied.
5. Many of the men have gone off the cities in search of higher pay, women to carry on with the work.
A. only to leave B. leaving C. left D. having left
6. we should do eye exercises with our eyes .
A. close B. opened C. closed D. open
7. “Can’ t you read? It’ s a non-smoking section.”I said to the notice.
A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily
C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing
8. around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.
A. Gather B. To gather
C. Gathering D. To be gathering
9. Look over there——there’ s a very long, winding path up to the house.
A. leading B. leads C. led D. to lead
10. an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous.
A. Offer B. Offering C. Offered D. To offer
11. The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house.
A. rose B. rising C. to rise D. risen
12. It rained for two weeks, completely our holiday.
A. ruined B. to ruin C. ruining D. having ruined
参考答案：1—12 ABAAB CACAC BC
说到伴随情况，好多语法书上说伴随情况是同时进行的，此话一点都没错，但容易让学生误会两个动作完美地“同时进行”了，其实非也。伴随情况中的动作和主句谓语动作不一定完全同时进行，只要处在共生时间区间，伴随动作和主句动作存有时间交集即可。
那么，何时用伴随状语呢？三种情况：①一个主语发出两个动作；②一个主语处于两种状态；③一个主语发出一个动作同时伴有某种状态。第一种，两个动作必须同时进行，第二种和第三种，处于共生时间区间即可，而且可以是开区间。
下面笔者就将伴随情况呈现为7个公式，以方便读者掌握和记忆：
1. S+V+O，doing/done：此时doing这个动作发出的主语是前面的S，done这个动作的受方是S,两者都是主语的伴随情况。
2. S+V+?O doing/done：此时doing前没逗号，doing这个动作的发出者是前面的O，done这个动作的受方是O，两者表示宾语的伴随情况。
3. S+V（+?O） with sb．/sth．doing/done：此时doing这个动作由sb．/sth．发出，done这个动作的受方是sb．/sth．， 两者表示主语的伴随情况。
4. S1+V，S2+doing+O（即S1的宾格）：S2+doing+ O在这个句型公式里是典型的独立主格结构，表示的是主语的伴随情况。
5. S+V（+?O）, Adj．（phrase）：此句型公式中的逗号也可以没有，形容词或形容词短语作伴随状语，是一种状态的伴随。此时通常表示的也是主语的伴随情况。
6. S+V+Noun：这个Noun是S的身份职业特征等，也是一种状态的伴随，表示主语的伴随情况。
7. S+V（+?O）+ Prep．phrase：介词短语作伴随，也是一种状态的伴随，表示主语的伴随情况。
伴随情况主要就是如上7种，为方便记忆，你可以将1—4归为“分词式伴随”，5—7归为“经典词式伴随”，名词、形容词和介词都是学习中的经典词类。另外要注意的是：上述的7个公式中的S+V+?O的主句结构包括主系表结构在内，同时也可以与后句颠倒位置。
我们来看一下2012年高考福建卷的一道题：
1.Pressed from his parents，and _____that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games.
A. realizing B. realized
C. to realize D. being realized
根据伴随情况1号公式，立即排除CD两项。再根据realize动作的实际发出者应该是the boy，选定答案A项。前面的pressed from his parents也是本句的一个伴随情况，在多数伴随情况中，过去分词有时往往可看作形容词。此处的pressed，你既可以把它看作被动，也可以看作形容词。类似的经典用法举例：Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. Lost这个词在伴随情况中通常不看作被动，而是看作一个形容词。
2. Do you wake up every morning ______ energetic and ready to start a new day?
A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt
此题根据伴随情况1号公式选定答案C项。在疑问句式中，1号公式的逗号可以省去。伴随情况1号公式是最普通的也是最常考的，但在下面这两个例题中，则容易发生误选to do项的情况，导致失分。
3.The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu, ________the students to return to their classrooms.
A.?enabling B. having enabled
C. to enable D. to have enabled
4.More highways have been built in China, ______ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
A. making B. made C. to make D. having made
第3和第4两题答案都是A项，统统都是伴随状语。第3题容易误选C项，表示目的，但通常不定式前不能用逗号。第4题也易误选C项，to make表示一种将来的意味或者目的，同第3题，前不能有逗号，将来的含义与前句“已经建了”不吻合。综合来讲，3、4两题都是考查前一个分句的整体对后面一个对象的作用结果，一般认可的正确答案是使用现在分词做伴随状语。
限于篇幅，本文到此为止，我也已经讲完了。
配套练习
1. that she will come soon,he is prepairing the meal.
A. Knowing B. Being known C. Having known D. Knew
2. After the long journey, the three of them went back home, .
A. hungry and tiredly B. hungry and tired
C. hungrily and tiredly D. hungrily and tired
3. A cool rain was falling, with snow.
A. mixed B. mixing C.to mix D. having mixed
4. The policeman put down the phone , with a smile on his face.
A. satisfied B. satisfying
C. to be satisfied D. having satisfied.
5. Many of the men have gone off the cities in search of higher pay, women to carry on with the work.
A. only to leave B. leaving C. left D. having left
6. we should do eye exercises with our eyes .
A. close B. opened C. closed D. open
7. “Can’ t you read? It’ s a non-smoking section.”I said to the notice.
A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily
C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing
8. around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.
A. Gather B. To gather
C. Gathering D. To be gathering
9. Look over there——there’ s a very long, winding path up to the house.
A. leading B. leads C. led D. to lead
10. an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous.
A. Offer B. Offering C. Offered D. To offer
11. The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house.
A. rose B. rising C. to rise D. risen
12. It rained for two weeks, completely our holiday.
A. ruined B. to ruin C. ruining D. having ruined
参考答案：1—12 ABAAB CACAC BC