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目的了解少数民族地区初中生心理健康状况及其影响因素,为少数民族地区学生的心理健康干预提供理论依据。方法整群抽取贵州省某少数民族地区2所中学全部学生共1 605名进行青少年心理健康问卷,内容包括一般情况、心理健康诊断测验(MHT)。结果初中生存在心理问题者431名,检出率为26.95%;女生对人焦虑、自责倾向、身体症状、恐怖倾向得分及MHT总分均高于男生;不同家庭类型、成长环境初中生MHT总分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);父母学历不同及家庭经济条件不同的初中生MHT总分差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);对父母关系不满意的初中生MHT得分高于其他人(P<0.05);父母教养方式不一致的初中生MHT得分高于父母教养方式一致的初中生;父母不同管教方式的初中生MHT得分不同(P<0.05)。结论家庭类型、是否独生子女、成长环境、父母文化程度及教养方式等对初中生心理健康影响作用显著,应引起重视。
Objective To understand the mental health status and its influencing factors of junior high school students in ethnic minority areas and provide theoretical basis for the intervention of mental health of students in ethnic minority areas. Methods A total of 1 605 students from 2 secondary schools in a minority area of Guizhou Province were enrolled in the questionnaire, which included the general situation and mental health test (MHT). Results There were 431 junior middle school students who had psychological problems, the detection rate was 26.95%. The scores of female anxiety, self-blaming tendency, physical symptoms, terrorist tendency scores and MHT scores were higher than those of boys. Different family types, growth environment Junior high school students MHT (P <0.05). There was significant difference in the total MHT scores of junior high school students with different educational background and different family economic conditions (all P <0.05). The MHT scores of junior high school students who were dissatisfied with their parents’ (P <0.05). The MHT scores of junior high school students with different parental styles were higher than those of junior high school students with parental styles. The MHT scores of junior high school students with different parental styles were different (P <0.05). Conclusions The impact of family type, whether or not only child, growth environment, parental education level and parenting style have a significant effect on mental health of junior high school students should be taken seriously.