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针对山西省雨养区春玉米倒伏引起的减产问题,选用玉米品种郑单958和晋单86为材料,设5.25万、6.00万、6.75万、7.50万和8.25万株/hm~2 5个密度处理,分析玉米茎秆抗倒力学和农艺性状的变化特点及其与产量和倒伏率的关系,明确影响玉米产量和倒伏率的主要茎秆节间因素。结果表明,随群体密度的增加,郑单958茎秆各节间长度和直径均先增加后降低,且在密度7.50万株/hm~2时最大;晋单86茎秆各节间长度显著增加,直径显著降低。随群体密度增加,茎秆各节间干重、单位茎长干重、硬皮穿刺强度、弯曲能力均先增加后降低,郑单958密度7.50万株/hm~2时最大,晋单86密度6.00万株/hm~2时最大,且晋单86在密度6.00万株/hm~2处理与其他处理间差异均显著。相关分析表明,硬皮穿刺强度和弯曲能力与节间长度呈显著或极显著负相关,与节间干重和单位茎长干重呈极显著正相关;产量与节间干重、单位茎长干重、硬皮穿刺强度和弯曲性能呈显著或极显著正相关;倒伏率与第3节间直径、节间干重、单位茎长干重、茎秆硬皮穿刺强度和弯曲能力呈显著或极显著负相关。郑单958和晋单86产量分别以密度7.50万、6.00万株/hm~2处理最高,分别较其他密度处理提高8%~26%、20%~30%。
In order to reduce the yield caused by spring maize lodging in rainfed areas of Shanxi Province, maize varieties Zhengdan 958 and Jindan 86 were selected as materials, with 52,500, 60,000, 67,500, 75,000 and 82500 plants / hm ~ 25 density The changes of stem mechanics and agronomic traits of corn stalks and their relationship with yield and lodging rate were analyzed and analyzed. The main internode factors affecting the yield and lodging rate of maize were determined. The results showed that with the increase of population density, the length and diameter of the stems of Zhengdan 958 first increased and then decreased, and reached the maximum at the density of 7.50 × 10 ^ 7 / hm ~ 2. The length of each internode of Jindan 86 increased significantly , The diameter is significantly reduced. With the increase of population density, the dry weight of stem, the dry weight per unit stem, the puncture strength and bending ability of the stems both increased at first and then decreased. The density of Zhengdan 958 was the highest at 750,000 plants / hm ~ 2, 60,000 plants / hm ~ 2, and Jindan 86 had a significant difference in the density of 60,000 plants / hm ~ 2 and other treatments. Correlation analysis showed that the puncture strength and bending ability of crusts had a significant or extremely significant negative correlation with internode length, and had a significant positive correlation with dry weight of internodes and dry weight of stems per plant. Yield and internode dry weight, Dry weight, crust puncture strength and bending performance were significantly or very significantly positive correlation; lodging rate and the third internode diameter, internode dry weight, unit stem dry weight, stalk crush puncture strength and bending ability was significant or Very significant negative correlation. The yields of Zhengdan 958 and Jindan 86 were the highest at the density of 750,000 and 60,000 plants / hm ~ 2, respectively, which were respectively 8% ~ 26% and 20% ~ 30% higher than other treatments.