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酿成2000多人死亡、数万人中毒的印度博帕尔农药厂发生的异氰酸甲酯泄漏的严重事件,首先是一次工业卫生事故。现根据已知资料,作一综合介绍,并讨论可吸取的教训。 博帕尔农药厂主要生产西维因,由萘酚和异氰酸甲酯反应合成。异氰酸甲酯生产和应用的设备是70年代末投资改建的,原设计年产5000吨西维因,但因为销售不佳,从未达到预期生产,产量逐年下降,1983年仅生产1647吨,1984年产量不足1000吨。因此该厂成了亏损厂,赔本蚀钱,于是人员外流、技术力量削弱、生产不正常、管理不善,异氰酸甲酯泄漏事故常有发生,而又不注意防范,终于酿成大祸。
The serious incident that led to the leakage of methylisocyanate at the Bhopal Pesticide Plant in India that killed more than 2,000 people and poisoned tens of thousands of people was, first and foremost, an industrial hygiene accident. Based on the information we have made a comprehensive introduction and discuss the lessons learned. Bhopal pesticide factory mainly produces civet, from naphthol and methyl isocyanate synthesis reaction. The equipment for the production and application of methyl isocyanate was invested and rebuilt in the late 1970s. The original design was designed to produce 5000 tons of XVI a year. However, due to poor sales, the equipment had never been up to expected production and output was declining year by year. In 1983, only 1647 tons In 1984, the output was less than 1,000 tons. Therefore, the plant has become a loss factory, loss of money erosion, so the staff outflow, weakened technical capacity, production is not normal, poor management, methylisocyanate leakage accidents often occur, but do not pay attention to prevention, and finally lead to disaster.