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引入跨国公司对东道国技术进步是促进抑或阻碍,受一系列权变因素的影响。构建博弈模型,分析跨国公司和东道国企业技术地位不平等的情况下,本土市场需求规模如何影响均衡研发策略。结果表明:当研发活动投资高而收效低、产品单位生产成本较高时,需要较大的本土市场规模才能避免跨国公司对东道国企业研发的挤出和抑制;若存在“溢出”效应,即跟随者可以通过模仿降低研发成本,则引导东道国企业开展研发活动所需的市场规模下降,意味着“挤出”问题有所改善,但另一方面,市场规模有限时,可能因跨国公司先行研发的积极性受到打击而使东道国企业失去模仿标的;如果跨国公司能够以其他海外市场上的收入弥补研发成本,其在东道国市场上可以容忍较高的“溢出”水平而不放弃研发。因此,建议引进外资时,优先考虑那些拥有广阔的世界市场份额,且愿意在全球推广采纳新技术、优良生产方式的跨国公司。
The introduction of multinational corporations promotes or hinders the host country’s technological progress and is affected by a series of contingent factors. By building a game model and analyzing the unequal technical status of multinational companies and host countries, how does the scale of domestic market demand affect balanced R&D strategies? The results show that when the R&D investment is high and the efficiency is low and the production cost of the product unit is high, a larger local market size is needed to avoid the extrusion and suppression of the R&D of the host country’s R&D by the multinational company; if there is an “overflow” effect, That is, followers can reduce research and development costs through imitation, and then guide the host countries to reduce the market size required for R&D activities. This means that the “extrusion” problem has improved, but on the other hand, when the market size is limited, it may be due to cross-border The enthusiasm of the company’s pioneering research and development has been hit and the host country’s enterprises have lost their imitation targets; if multinational companies can make up for R&D costs in other overseas markets, they can tolerate higher levels of “overflow” in the host country market without giving up R&D. . Therefore, when introducing foreign investment, we recommend giving priority to those multinational corporations that have a vast global market share and are willing to promote the adoption of new technologies and fine production methods globally.