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雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)包括雌激素受体α(estrogen receptor alpha,ERα)和雌激素受体β(estrogen receptor beta,ERβ),为类固醇激素核受体家族配体依赖性反式转录调节蛋白,包括N末端区、DNA结合区和C末端区3个主要功能域。ER在人类非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)组织、正常肺组织中均有表达,其表达与肺癌组织学类型相关。ERα与ERβ主要通过雌激素信号途径调节转录,通过生长因子受体途径和类固醇信号途径调节其在肿瘤细胞核的活性,进而影响肿瘤细胞的生长、分裂和代谢等生物学行为。ER高甲基化可能与肺肿瘤的发生有关,吸烟与肺癌的相关性在女性更明显,并非ERα影响烟草的致癌代谢。ERα或ERβ的表达是否为肺癌的有效预测因子需进一步确证。总之,ERα和ERβ与NSCLC的发生、发展和预后密切相关,基于ERα和ERβ的生物治疗也可能成为今后肺癌治疗的重要策略。
Estrogen receptor (ER), including estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), is a family ligand-dependent trans-steroid hormone receptor Transcriptional regulatory proteins, including the N-terminal region, the DNA binding region and the C-terminal region, are three major functional domains. ER is expressed in both human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and normal lung tissues, and its expression is correlated with the histological type of lung cancer. ERα and ERβ mainly regulate the transcription through the estrogen signaling pathway, regulate their activity in the tumor cell nucleus through the growth factor receptor pathway and steroid signaling pathway, and then affect the biological behavior of tumor cells such as growth, division and metabolism. ER hypermethylation may be related to the occurrence of lung cancer, smoking and lung cancer is more obvious in women, not ERα affect tobacco carcinogenic metabolism. Whether ERα or ERβ expression is a valid predictor of lung cancer needs further confirmation. In summary, ERα and ERβ are closely related to the occurrence, development and prognosis of NSCLC. Biotherapy based on ERα and ERβ may also be an important strategy for the future treatment of lung cancer.