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在国家大力建设饲草料产业体系的背景下,对我国西南地区通过牧草产业发挥水热资源禀赋的研究有重要意义。黑麦草是我国西南地区种植量最大、种植面积最广的牧草。采用面板随机前沿模型,对2011-2014年我国西南地区72户农户黑麦草的种植技术效率和科技进步贡献份额进行了测算。结果表明:近年来,我国西南地区农户种植黑麦草的技术效率不断上升,2014年黑麦草种植技术效率在0.8~0.9的农户占47.22%,技术效率在0.9以上的农户占44.44%。黑麦草种植技术效率在不同区域差别较大,在奶业发达的优势区域,技术效率较高;而在奶业发展缓慢的地区,技术效率较低。黑麦草科技进步贡献份额达到了53.78%。因此,国家政策应该进一步支持和鼓励黑麦草生产技术的创新,政府应该着力加大促进黑麦草贮藏和加工技术的研发和推广,支持种养一体化,加大黑麦草经济价值通过家畜家禽高效转化途径的研究和技术推广力度。
Under the background of vigorously building forage industry system in our country, it is of great significance to study the endowment of water and heat resource in pasture industry in the southwest of our country. Ryegrass is the most planted in Southwest China, the most widely planted pasture. Using panel random frontier model, the contribution of planting technology efficiency and scientific and technological progress of 72 ryegrass families in Southwest China from 2011 to 2014 was calculated. The results show that in recent years, the technical efficiency of planting ryegrass in southwestern China has been on the rise. In 2014, the technical efficiency of ryegrass planting was between 0.8 and 0.9, accounting for 47.22% of the total. The percentage of farmers with a technical efficiency above 0.9 was 44.44%. The technical efficiency of ryegrass cultivation varies greatly in different regions, with higher technical efficiency in advantageous areas where dairy industry is developed, while in areas where milk production is slow, the technical efficiency is low. Ryegrass contribution to scientific and technological progress reached 53.78%. Therefore, national policies should further support and encourage innovation in ryegrass production technology. The government should make great efforts to promote R & D and popularization of ryegrass storage and processing technologies, support the integration of planting and raising, and increase the economic value of ryegrass through the efficient conversion of livestock and poultry Ways of research and technology promotion efforts.