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地震预报中最重要的理论和实践问题之一是前兆水文地球化学异常形成的物质来源。力学加载过程中岩石析出的挥发份是这种来源之一。用50000吨压力机进行了大规模模拟试验,结果揭示了大块玄武岩和花岗岩样在受到循环增加的单轴压力直至破裂时(对玄武岩和花岗岩分别为75和180兆帕),水、氡、汞和氦有规律地析出。发现前兆性岩石破裂伴随岩石中挥发份的析出。这些组份的前兆特性与它们的化学性质及其在岩石中存在形式有关。力学加载时水的排出随载荷增加而逐渐增加。氦在裂隙形成的早期阶段析出。将排气资料和体积应变及声发射资料对比表明,大部分氡在雪崩型破裂作用阶段和震源形成的动力阶段析出,而汞主要在样品临破裂前的动力阶段排出。
One of the most important theoretical and practical problems in earthquake prediction is the material source for the precursor hydrogeochemistry anomalies. One of the sources of volatile matter precipitated by rock during mechanical loading. Large-scale simulations with a 50,000-ton press showed that the bulk basalt and granite samples were subjected to cyclic uniaxial compression until fracture (75 and 180 MPa for basalt and granite, respectively), water, radon, Mercury and helium regularly precipitated. Precipitation of the precursor rock was found to accompany the precipitation of the volatiles in the rock. The precursor properties of these components are related to their chemical properties and their presence in the rock. Mechanical loading water discharge increases with load gradually increased. Helium is precipitated in the early stages of fracture formation. Comparison of the exhaust data with the volumetric strain and acoustic emission data shows that most of the radon is precipitated during the avalanche-type rupture and the motive phase of source formation, while mercury is mainly expelled during the impending phase of the sample.