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执行上级命令不免责原则在国内法和国际法上表现出不同的规范进路,即条件责任原则和绝对责任原则,这两项原则历史演变过程不同,理论基础迥异,因而其基本涵义和适用范围也表现出较大的差异,但在涉及战争犯罪的问题上,二者基本上都认为执行上级命令不构成免除刑事责任的抗辩理由。《国际刑事法院罗马规约》第33条将这两项原则加以融合,但这一规定在一定程度上偏离了习惯国际法,并造成规约内部的矛盾。这一问题有待国际刑事法院通过个案解释加以解决。
The principle of non-exemption from executive order shows different normative approaches in domestic law and international law, that is, the principle of conditional responsibility and absolute responsibility. The two principles have different historical evolution processes and different theoretical bases, so their basic meanings and scope of application However, regarding the issue of war crimes, both of them basically consider that the execution of a superior order does not constitute a defense against criminal responsibility. Article 33 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court incorporates these two principles, but to some extent this provision departs from customary international law and creates conflicts within the statute. This issue needs to be resolved by the International Criminal Court through case clarification.