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虽然高血压不是新生儿的常见病,但往往预示着一些严重的医疗问题。在新生儿重症监护病房,高血压的发生率为1%~2%,其中大部分是无症状的。血压超过正常上限的第95百分位数即可诊断高血压。新生儿高血压的最常见病因包括血栓栓塞、肾实质疾病、肾血管疾病、先天性心脏病和药物影响等。询问病史对于找出潜在的病因非常重要。高血压通常可以通过药物控制,但有关血压的正常值及长期预后的资料目前还很缺乏。血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂是治疗新生儿高血压最常用的药物,肼屈嗪是治疗高血压急性发作最常用的药物。
Although high blood pressure is not a common disease in newborns, it often indicates some serious medical problems. In neonatal intensive care units, the incidence of hypertension is 1% to 2%, most of which are asymptomatic. High blood pressure can be diagnosed by measuring the 95th percentile of blood pressure above the upper limit of normal. The most common causes of neonatal hypertension include thromboembolism, renal parenchymal disease, renal vascular disease, congenital heart disease and drug effects. Inquiring about the medical history is very important in identifying the underlying cause. Hypertension is usually controlled by medication, but information on normal blood pressure and long-term prognosis is lacking. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are the most commonly used drugs for the treatment of neonatal hypertension, and hydralazine is the most commonly used drug for the treatment of acute attacks of hypertension.