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天宫一号是目前我国在轨运行的体积最大、重量最重的载人航天器.它具有变构型、变参数的特性,采用控制力矩陀螺系统和喷气推进系统实现高精度、高稳定度姿态控制.本文通过对天宫一号控制对象参数缓变和跳变相结合特点的分析,规划了高可靠灵活的控制策略,设计了智能多模自适应姿态控制系统.利用智能控制中规则集设定多模自适应控制的指标切换函数分配,利用多模自适应控制算法建立多模型控制器实现不同控制对象,不同控制任务的姿态控制.天宫一号通过地面测试和物理仿真试验,最后发射在轨运行,与神舟八号、神舟九号、神舟十号载人飞船圆满完成交会对接任务,充分验证了姿态控制系统设计的正确性和有效性.该设计方法在解决大型航天器变构型、变参数组合体姿态控制方面有突出优点,在未来的载人航天领域空间站建设具有应用前景.
Tiangong-1 is currently the largest and heaviest manned spacecraft in operation in orbit in China, and it has the characteristics of varying configuration and variable parameters. It adopts the control moment gyro system and jet propulsion system to achieve high-precision and high-stability attitude Control.This paper plans a control strategy of high reliability and flexibility, and designs an intelligent multi-mode adaptive attitude control system through the analysis of the characteristics of the combination of the gradual change and the transition of the parameters of the Tiangong-1 control object. Mode adaptive control index switching function distribution, the use of multi-mode adaptive control algorithm to establish a multi-model controller to achieve different control objects, different control tasks attitude control. Temple on the 1st through the ground test and physical simulation test, and finally launch orbital operation , Successfully completed rendezvous and docking tasks with Shenzhou-8, Shenzhou-9 and Shenzhou-10 manned spacecraft, which fully verified the correctness and effectiveness of the attitude control system design. Combinatorial posture control has outstanding advantages in the field of manned space station construction in the future has application prospects.