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在西方政治思想史的长河中,民主一直具有迷人的魅力和强势的话语权。从某种程度上说,民主意味着参与,而围绕着民主政治中的公共参与如何施展,不同主义的话语体系给出了不同的释义和论证。与自由主义论辩的“劲敌”——共和主义,对公民参与有着独到和精辟的理论分析和证明。在共和主义的情境中,公民的参与围绕着如何在治理公共事务过程中实现公共利益而在公共领域展开的“言谈”和“论辩”。公民在此表现的正是民主政治所要求的一种积极的言行,而不是扮演前现代政治的消极服从的“臣民”角色,更不是目光短浅的“地域民”。这种在权利平等的社会成员之间的协商和讨论是以一种宪政式的民主框架为保障,是修正选举式民主在现代政治运行中暴露出的弊端的基础上的论辩式民主。
In the long history of Western political and ideological history, democracy has always had a fascinating charm and a strong voice. To some extent, democracy means participation, and different public discourse systems give different definitions and arguments around how public participation in democratic politics can function. In contrast with liberalism, the “rival” - republicanism has a unique and incisive theoretical analysis and proof of citizen participation. In the context of republicanism, the participation of citizens revolves around “talk ” and “argument ” in the public sphere about how to realize the public interest in the process of governing public affairs. What citizens are doing here is what they call for a positive act of dedication rather than a subjective “subjective” role of pre-modern politics, nor is it a short-sighted “regional people.” This kind of consultation and discussion among members of the society with equal rights is guaranteed by a constitutional democratic framework and is a debate democracy based on the amendment of the defects exposed by election democracy in the operation of modern politics.