论文部分内容阅读
该文对春秋战国至明清时期传统医药学的兴起和药物(药材)品种的交流、贸易进行有关文献的整理和分析,旨在初步探讨我国各主要时期(春秋至明清)使用传统进口(药材)的品种和国间交流、贸易概况,以及2 000多年来进口药材的总数(去掉重复和存疑品种);找出进口药材的特点;筛选出可供开发“丝绸之路”和尽快能制订质量标准的品种。得到了如下结果:1秦汉时期为发展初期;宋金元时期是发展鼎盛期;明清时期是发展衰退期;2文献记载历代进口药物(药材)品种最多的时期是宋代,达300余种。去掉重复和存疑品种后,该文认为有依据可信的应在230~250余种,还有40余种不知为何物,或是异名,或是加工品,暂称“存疑品种”;3药用部分不同于汉族所用中药,以树脂类、果实种子类最多,根和根茎类较少,矿物药比动物药多;4进口药材的产地主要集中在历史上与丝绸之路有关的国家和地域。最终,该文初步弄清了我国不同历史时期进口药物(药材)的基本情况,为今后相关学术研究及产业发展的决策提供了一定的参考依据。
This article summarizes and analyzes the rise and rise of traditional medicine in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Ming and Qing Dynasties as well as the exchange and trade of medicines (medicinal materials) varieties, aiming at a preliminary study on the use of traditional imports (from the Spring and Autumn to the Ming and Qing Dynasties) Herbs and medicinal plants), the trade profile, and the total number of imported medicinal materials for more than 2,000 years (excluding duplicates and dubious species); to identify the characteristics of imported medicinal herbs; and to screen for the development of “Silk Road” and as soon as possible Can formulate the quality standards of varieties. The results are as follows: 1 The Qin and Han Dynasties were the initial stage of development; the Song and Jin Dynasties were the heyday of development; the Ming and Qing Dynasties were the period of development and decline; 2 The literature records that the imported varieties of medicines (medicinal materials) were the most in Song Dynasty with more than 300 species. After removing duplicate and doubtful varieties, the article considers that there are credible evidences that should be based on more than 230 to more than 250 species, as well as over 40 unknown species or synonyms or processed products, tentatively called “doubtful varieties” ; 3 the medicinal part is different from the traditional Chinese medicines used by the Han nationality, with the largest number of resinous and fruit seeds, less root and rhizomes, and more mineral drugs than animal drugs; 4 the origin of imported medicinal herbs is mainly concentrated in the history related to the Silk Road Countries and regions. In the end, the article initially clarified the basic situation of imported drugs (medicinal materials) in different historical periods in our country and provided some reference for the future academic research and industrial development decision-making.