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一、天空和天球 天空在人们的视觉中,是个半球形状。我国古代民歌有“天是穹庐、笼盖四野”的诗句。那么,太阳、月亮、星星为何能从西方地平线落下,而又从东方地平线上升起呢?是不是大地以外的天并不是个半圆球,而是个整圆球呢?根据这一印象,古代天文学家建立了“天球”的概念。我国早在战国时期便有了“浑天说”。所谓“浑天”,就是“天球”的意思。东汉时期的伟大天文学家张衡(公元78—139)还亲自设计制造了浑天仪,用它演示星空的变化,测量日月星辰的运行。并积累了大量的观测资料,建立了科学的“天球”概念。
First, the sky and celestial sky in people's vision, is a hemispherical shape. Ancient Chinese folk songs have “sky is Qullu, cover four wild” verse. Then, why the sun, the moon and the stars can fall from the horizon of the west and rise from the horizon of the east? Is it not a semicircle, but a whole ball, outside the earth? According to this impression, ancient astronomers Established the concept of “celestial sphere”. As early as in the Warring States period, China had a “muddy day said.” The so-called “muddy days” is the meaning of “celestial sphere”. Zhang Heng (AD 78-139), a great astronomer in the Eastern Han Dynasty, personally designed and manufactured a celestial globe to demonstrate the changes in the sky and measure the operation of the sun and the moon. And accumulated a large number of observations, the establishment of a scientific concept of “celestial sphere.”