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民事纠纷,基于当事人享有平等的权利,只有一方当事人能够提出证据证明自己的主张以及提出相应的证据反驳对方的主张,才可能取得诉讼上的胜利。举证责任是直接影响人民法院对于民事案件审理的公平公正以及审判结果,且对人民法院的审判活动、诉讼当事人民事权利的保护都具有重要的意义。本文以对举证责任的发展历史、举证责任制度的分类进行了介绍,从举证责任的分配、倒置、司法裁量等方面来论述举证责任制度在民事诉讼中适用情况。
Civil disputes, based on the parties’ enjoyment of equal rights, can only lead to victory in litigation if only one of the parties can present evidence to prove his claim and put forward corresponding evidence to refute the other’s claim. The burden of proof has a direct impact on the fairness and impartiality of the people’s courts in hearing civil cases and on the outcome of the trials. It is also of great significance to the trial activities of the people’s courts and the protection of the civil rights of litigants. This paper introduces the history of the development of the burden of proof and the classification of the system of the burden of proof, and discusses the application of the system of the burden of proof in civil litigation from the aspects of the distribution, inversion and judicial discretion of the burden of proof.