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课本中对“同源染色体”的定义是:在减数分裂过程中,配对的两条染色体,形状、大小和结构完全相同,且一个来自父本,一个来自母本。按照这个概念很容易分辨绝大多数的高等动物和植物体内的同源染色体,但有些则令人难以判断。如人类的X与Y染色体是否同源?萝卜、甘蓝和骡子等第一代远缘杂种的染色体是否同源?人类的性染色体XY在减数分裂中也能配对,然后分开,平均分配到子细胞
The definition of “homologous chromosomes” in textbooks is that in the process of meiosis, the two chromosomes that are paired are identical in shape, size, and structure, and one is from the parent and the other is from the mother. According to this concept, it is easy to distinguish homologous chromosomes from the vast majority of higher animals and plants, but some are difficult to judge. For example, are the X and Y chromosomes of human beings homologous? Is the chromosomes of the first generation distant hybrids such as radish, kale, and gardenia homologous? Human sex chromosomes XY can also be paired in meiosis and then divided and divided equally. cell