浪漫主义是自由精神普遍深入到情感领域的产物。早在18世纪末19世纪初,浪漫主义文学就曾经席卷欧洲大陆,并深刻影响了建筑、音乐、绘画等各个领域。在20世纪初的中国,现代浪漫主义文学思潮开始萌芽,“五四”达到高潮,并在随后的几十年里曲折发展。本文简要分析了德国浪漫主义与中国现代浪漫文学思潮各自的产生背景以及两国主要的浪漫作家的思想,并说明造成种种差异的原因。 Romanticism is a product of the widespread free spirit in the realm of emotion. As early as the late 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century, Romantic literature once swept the continent of Europe and profoundly influenced various fields of architecture, music and painting. In early twentieth century China, the trend of modern romantic literature began to sprout, culminating in the May Fourth Movement and twists and turns for the following decades. This article briefly analyzes the background of the respective origins of German romanticism and modern Chinese romantic literature and the ideas of the two major romantic writers in the two countries and explains the reasons for the differences.