铁路行业特征体现了铁路改革的约束条件。在综合考虑铁路技术经济特征和政策体制背景的基础上,对其从市场、企业和社会三个层面进行分析。 Railway industry characteristics reflect the constraints of railway reform. On the basis of comprehensively considering the technical and economic characteristics of the railway and the background of the policy system, this paper analyzes the three aspects from the market, enterprise and society.