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乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染是一个重要的全球公共卫生问题,目前预防和控制HBV感染和传播最有效的措施是接种乙肝疫苗。但是,仍有5%~10%的疫苗接种者不能产生保护性抗体。乙肝疫苗免疫应答个体差异的影响因素包括疫苗的因素、接种的因素、生理因素等。近年学者发现遗传因素对疫苗免疫应答能力起决定性作用。乙肝疫苗免疫应答与HLA-Ⅰ、HLA-Ⅱ、HLA-Ⅲ和Th1/Th2相关细胞因子及其受体、CD4+Th细胞表面的共刺激分子、TLR等免疫分子基因变异有关。筛选与乙肝疫苗免疫应答有关的遗传生物学标记,对于更好地了解乙肝疫苗低应答、无应答的遗传学机制具有重大意义,为开发新的更有效的乙肝疫苗提供新思路,为乙肝疫苗接种新策略提供科学依据。
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an important global public health problem. Currently, the most effective measure to prevent and control HBV infection and transmission is hepatitis B vaccine. However, there are still 5% to 10% of vaccinees can not produce protective antibodies. Influencing factors of HBV immune response individual differences include vaccine factors, inoculation factors and physiological factors. In recent years, scholars have found that genetic factors play a decisive role on the immune response ability of the vaccine. Hepatitis B vaccine immune response and HLA-Ⅰ, HLA-Ⅱ, HLA-Ⅲ and Th1 / Th2 related cytokines and their receptors, CD4 + Th cell surface costimulatory molecules, TLR and other immune molecules genetic variation. Screening genetic biomarkers related to the immune response to hepatitis B vaccine is of great significance for understanding the low-response and non-responding genetic mechanisms of hepatitis B vaccine, providing new ideas for developing new and more effective hepatitis B vaccines, The new strategy provides a scientific basis.