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颅脑损伤患者常伴发情绪失调，而情绪失调可引起多种精神障碍，并且在损伤康复后其精神障碍也会持续存在，严重影响患者适应和融入社会的能力，极大地降低了生活质量。因此脑损伤后情绪失调发生机制的研究，对情绪失调相关精神疾病的临床预防和治疗具有重要意义。而功能磁共振为情绪调节这一心理过程的研究提供了更为直观和准确的研究方法，因此许多学者从不同的角度对颅脑损伤后情绪失调进行了深入研究。本文回顾近十年来有关颅脑损伤后情绪失调的功能磁共振研究发现，多数静息态核磁共振研究认为颅脑损伤后情绪失调的发生机制是与静息默认网络、执行网络、突显网络等网络间相互作用失衡有关，而任务态核磁共振研究则发现，杏仁核、背外侧前额叶和前扣带回、右侧额下回分别在注意力分配、认知重评、表达抑制等情绪调节策略中起重要作用，这些脑区的损伤会引起相应的情绪调节障碍。文章将从静息态和任务态功能磁共振的角度，系统综述颅脑损伤后情绪失调的神经机制和研究进展，归纳目前存在的问题，并提出可能的解决思路。“,”Patients with brain injury are often accompanied by emotional disorders, which can cause a variety of mental disorders, and mental disorders will continue to exist after rehabilitation, seriously affecting the ability of patients to adapt and integrate into society, greatly reducing the quality of life.Therefore, the research on the mechanism of emotional disorders after brain injury is of great significance to the clinical prevention and treatment of mental disorders related to emotional disorders.Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides a more intuitive and accurate research method for the study of emotional regulation, so many scholars have conducted in-depth research on emotional disorders after craniocerebral injury from different perspectives.In this paper, the functional MRI studies of emotional disorders were reviewed after craniocerebral injury in the past decade and most of the resting MRI studies showed that the mechanism of emotional disorders after craniocerebral injury is related to the imbalance of interaction among the resting default network, executive network and salience network, while the task MRI studies found that the amygdala, dorsolateral prefrontal lobe and anterior Cingulate gyrus and right inferior frontal gyrus played an important role in attention distribution, cognitive reappraisal, expression inhibition and other emotional regulation strategies, and the damage of these brain regions will cause corresponding emotional regulation disorders.In this paper, the neural mechanism and research progress of emotional disorders after brain injury were systematically reviewed, summarize the existing problems, and propose possible solutions from the perspective of resting and task state functional MRI.