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目的:了解婺城区2009-2011年15岁以下儿童死亡率水平及死因顺位,探讨影响儿童死亡因素,降低15岁以下儿童死亡率。方法:对婺城2009-2011年15岁以下儿童死因监测资料进行统计学分析。结果:婺城区2009-2011年15岁以下儿童平均死亡率为34.03/10万,3年标化死亡率为70.62/10万、41.96/10万、29.90/10万,占全人群死亡数的1.5%、1.23%和0.89%;死亡水平呈逐年下降趋势;死因顺位依次为:伤害、起源于围生期疾病、先天性疾病、感染性疾病和恶性肿瘤;在各年龄组中,0岁组死亡率最高,粗死亡率为517.43/10万,排在0岁组死因顺位首位的是起源于围生期疾病,占0岁组死亡数的41.51%;1～14岁各年龄组死因均以伤害为第一位。城市儿童伤害主要为交通事故(2.81/10万),农村主要为溺水(5.62/10万)和交通伤害(2.55/10万),农村伤害死亡率高于城市。结论:应加强孕产妇优生优育教育和孕产妇系统管理,做好产前诊断和出生缺陷儿童筛查,降低新生儿死亡率;开展儿童健康监护和指导,预防儿童感染性疾病的发生,同时加强儿童安全教育,普及交通安全知识,注重儿童暑期安全。
OBJECTIVE: To understand the level of children under 15 years of age and the cause of death in Wucheng District from 2009 to 2011, to explore the factors that affect child mortality and reduce the mortality rate of children under 15 years of age. Methods: A statistical analysis was conducted on the surveillance data of the cause of death among children under 15 years old in Wucheng from 2009 to 2011. Results: The average death rate of children under 15 years old in Wucheng from 2009 to 2011 was 34.03 / 100000. The 3-year standardized death rate was 70.62 / 100000, 41.96 / 100000, 29.90 / 100000, accounting for 1.5 %, 1.23% and 0.89%, respectively. The death level showed a declining trend year by year. The order of the cause of death was: injury, originated from perinatal disease, congenital disease, infectious disease and malignant tumor. In all age groups, The highest death rate was 517.43 / 100 000. The highest ranked cause of death was the perinatal disease, accounting for 41.51% of the deaths in the 0-year-old group. The death causes of all age groups from 1 to 14 were To hurt as the first. The majority of urban child injuries were caused by traffic accidents (2.81 / 100,000), drowning (5.62 / 100,000) and traffic injuries (2.55 / 100,000) in rural areas, and the mortality rate in rural areas was higher than in urban areas. Conclusion: Maternal eugenics education and maternal system management should be strengthened, prenatal diagnosis and screening of children with birth defects should be done to reduce the neonatal mortality rate; to carry out child health monitoring and guidance to prevent the occurrence of infectious diseases in children while strengthening Children’s safety education, popularize traffic safety knowledge, pay attention to children’s summer safety.