苏俄国内战争时期,在列宁的领导和指导下,苏维埃政权对中农的政策由“中立中农”转变为“同中农妥协”。在实践该政策的过程中,列宁提出一个基本原则,即“尽量公正地对待中农”。列宁“同中农妥协”的思想对于当代中国社会主义和谐社会建设和新农村建设具有理论借鉴和指导意义。 During the Soviet-Russian civil war, under the leadership and guidance of Lenin, the Soviet regime’s policy toward the middle peasants changed from a “neutral peasant” to a “compromise with the peasantry”. In implementing this policy, Lenin put forward a basic principle that “treating the middle peasants as impartially as possible”. Lenin’s Thought of “Compromise with the Peasantry” has theoretical reference and guiding significance for the construction of a harmonious socialist society and building a new socialist countryside in contemporary China.