“利己之心”是我国国民性中非常隐晦但又确乎存在的部分。“人不为己,天诛地灭”之类的俗语印证了这样一种利己主义心态。这种思想不是凭空产生的,有着深厚的思想底蕴。而正是法家勇于提出并承认人性中“利己”的合理性与现实性。本文试图通过分别对法家、封建统治者及被统治者的“利己之心”的分析,使能更深入地看到法家思想的多重内在及其表现。而法家思想于社会管理的得与失对当今社会也有着深刻的启示及意义。 “Selfishness ” is a very obscure part of our country’s nationality that does exist. Such an egoistic mentality confirms such proverbs as “people are not their own means, gods kill you”. This idea is not created out of thin air, has a profound ideological background. And it is the legalists who have the courage to put forward and recognize the rationality and reality of “selfishness” in human nature. This article tries to make it possible to see more deeply the multiple internalities and manifestations of legalism by analyzing the “selfishness” of legalists, feudal rulers and ruled people respectively. However, the gain and loss of legalism in social management also have profound implications and significance for today’s society.