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目的分析孝昌县某中学甲型流感的流行病学特征,为防控学校流感及呼吸道传染病暴发疫情提供可借鉴的措施和科学依据。方法采用现场流行病学调查方法,对2013年1月11日孝昌县某中学流感暴发疫情进行调查,采集咽拭子标本进行流感病毒核酸检测,对病人进行隔离治疗、密切接触者医学观察、加强疫情监测等。结果该校共发生流感病例61例,平均罹患率4.98%,其中九年级毕业班罹患率8.14%,七、八年级罹患率3.35%;病原学检测此次流感暴发的毒株是甲型流感病毒,9例阳性标本中甲H1型1例,甲H3型8例。结论该学校的疫情是本县监测到的首起甲型流感暴发疫情,暴发的原因主要因学校学生密度大且未采取针对性的呼吸道传染病预防控制措施所致。通过采用现场流行病学调查,管理传染源,切断传播途径和保护易感人群等综合防控措施,疫情迅速得到有效控制。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza A in a middle school in Xiaochang County and to provide some scientific evidence and reference for prevention and control of influenza and respiratory outbreak in schools. Methods An on-site epidemiological investigation method was used to investigate the outbreak of influenza in a middle school in Xiaochang County on January 11, 2013. Throat swab samples were collected for influenza virus nucleic acid testing. Patients were treated with isolation treatment and close contact with medical observation to strengthen Epidemic monitoring. Results A total of 61 cases of influenza were found in the school with an average attack rate of 4.98%. Among them, the attack rate was 8.14% in the ninth grade and 3.35% in the seventh and eighth grade. The etiological detection of the influenza outbreak was influenza virus type A Among the 9 positive samples, 1 case was type H1 and 8 cases were type A H3. Conclusion The outbreak of this school was the first outbreak of influenza A detected in this county. The outbreak was mainly due to the high density of school students and the lack of targeted prevention and control measures for respiratory infectious diseases. Through the use of on-site epidemiological surveys, the management of sources of infection, the interruption of transmission routes and the protection of susceptible populations and other comprehensive prevention and control measures, the epidemic was quickly and effectively controlled.