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实施科学有效的应急疏散策略对提高城市交通应急响应能力、节约救援时间和降低灾害带来的生命财产损失具有重要的作用。考虑到应急过程的动态特性,采用动态交通分配方法来进行应急疏散。首先,给出模型的约束条件,提出基于疏散时间最短的系统优化动态交通流分配模型。然后运用Pontryagin最小值定理来获得模型最优解,同时对是否是最优解的充要性给予证明。仿真算例结果表明所提出的应急疏散模型能在较短的时间内完成对指定区域的应急疏散,能较好地用于解决交通应急疏散问题。
Implementing a scientific and effective emergency evacuation strategy plays an important role in improving the emergency response capability of urban traffic, saving the rescue time and reducing the loss of life and property caused by disasters. Taking into account the dynamic characteristics of the emergency process, the dynamic traffic distribution method is used for emergency evacuation. First, the constraints of the model are given, and a system-based dynamic traffic assignment model based on the shortest evacuation time is proposed. Then Pontryagin minimum theorem is used to obtain the optimal solution of the model, and at the same time, the necessity of whether the optimal solution is proved is proved. The simulation results show that the proposed emergency evacuation model can accomplish the emergency evacuation of the designated area in a short period of time and can be better used to solve the emergency evacuation problem.