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罗尔斯在《正义论》中谨慎地表达了公民不服从理论的使用范围,认为“正义的民主国家”是探讨公民不服从的一个前提条件。然而,公民不服从理论的核心在于当我们面对不正义制度时,我们该如何行动:从个人的良心拒绝、法律范围内的情愿示威以及有组织的反抗,直到暴力革命。本文认为罗尔斯公民不服从理论的核心意图在于规训暴力,即诉诸公共舆论,以一种和平的手段来完成对不正义制度的矫正,从而避免社会沦为暴力践踏和蹂躏的场所。
Rawls prudently expounded the scope of application of the theory of civil disobedience in the “Theory of Justice,” arguing that “a just democracy” is a precondition for exploring the disobedience of citizens. However, the core of civil disobedience lies in how we act as we face the injustice: from personal conscientious rejection, voluntary decency within the law, organized rebellion, to violent revolution. This paper argues that the core purpose of Rawls’s disobedience theory lies in disciplining violence, that is, resorting to public opinion and ending the correction of the system of injustice by a peaceful means so as to prevent society from becoming trampled and ravaged by violence.