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干细胞具有自我更新和多向分化的潜能,是目前医学及组织工程学研究的热点。近来发现羊水中含有干细胞,具有向内、中、外三个胚层分化的能力,且通过了功能测试。由于羊水来源广泛、创伤小、无伦理道德方面的限制且无致瘤性,将为干细胞开辟新的研究领域,为组织工程提供新的种子细胞来源,为细胞介导的基因治疗提供新的载体。目前对其来源及生物学特征的研究还不是很清楚。现对羊水中细胞的组成、羊水来源干细胞分离培养、生物学特征及鉴定、分化潜能等问题进行综述。
Stem cells have the potential of self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation, and are currently the hot spots in medical and tissue engineering research. Recently found that amniotic fluid contains stem cells, with the inner, the outer three germ cell differentiation ability, and passed the functional test. Because of the wide source of amniotic fluid, small trauma, no ethical restrictions and no tumorigenicity, it will open up new research fields for stem cells, provide new sources of seed cells for tissue engineering, and provide a new carrier for cell-mediated gene therapy . The current study of its source and biological characteristics is not yet clear. The composition of amniotic fluid cells, amniotic fluid stem cell isolation and culture, biological characteristics and identification, differentiation potential and other issues are reviewed.