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目的分析昆明市居民死亡水平、死亡原因分布及特征,为制定卫生政策并采取相应疾病预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法采用回顾性调查研究的方式,对昆明市2004年发生的全部死亡居民进行普查,死亡资料使用死因统计分析软件Death Reg 2005进行统计分析。结果2004年昆明市居民死亡率为6.39‰(标化率为5.04‰),男性死亡率高于女性,郊县高于市区;前4位死因依次为心脑血管疾病、呼唤系统疾病、肿瘤、损伤与中毒;中老年死亡以心脑血管疾病、肿瘤和呼吸系统疾病为主,损伤与中毒是儿童和青壮年人群的主要死因,也是造成居民潜在寿命损失的第1位原因。结论应针对不同目标人群,加强心脑血管疾病、慢性阻塞性肺部疾病、肿瘤和损伤与中毒的预防控制工作,以降低居民死亡率,提高期望寿命。
Objective To analyze the death level, the distribution and characteristics of causes of death in Kunming, and provide a scientific basis for formulating health policies and taking corresponding disease prevention and control measures. Methods A retrospective survey was conducted to investigate all the residents who died in Kunming in 2004 and the death data were analyzed using Death Reg 2005 statistical software. Results In 2004, the death rate of Kunming residents was 6.39 ‰ (standardization rate was 5.04 ‰). The mortality rate of males was higher than that of females and the suburbs was higher than that of urban areas. The first four causes of death were cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, system diseases, , Injury and poisoning. Middle-aged and old-aged deaths are mainly caused by cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, cancer and respiratory diseases. Injuries and poisoning are the leading cause of death in children and young adults, and also the first cause of residents' potential loss of life. Conclusion Different target groups should be set up to strengthen the prevention and control of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, tumors and injuries and poisonings so as to reduce the mortality rate and increase the life expectancy.