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稀土镁合金在保留镁合金诸多优点的基础上,进一步强化了高温力学性能,有效改善了抗蠕变、耐热、耐腐蚀等性能,是高性能镁合金的典型代表。与传统熔铸法相比,熔盐电解法制备稀土镁合金具有合金成分均匀,收得率高,成本低,易实现大规模、连续化生产等优势。综述了熔盐电解法制备稀土镁合金的研究进展,重点介绍了Mg-Y,Mg-Nd,Mg-Li-RE等合金的电解制备工艺;讨论了氯化物体系和氟化物体系电解制备稀土镁合金的优缺点;指出了高电能消耗、低电流效率、高尾气排放是当前熔盐电解法用于制备稀土镁合金存在的主要问题,并提出了相应的解决措施;最后展望了未来可能的发展趋势,认为电解直接制备多元系应用合金及开发环境友好型的电解工艺是今后熔盐电解生产稀土镁合金的重要研究方向。
On the basis of retaining many advantages of magnesium alloy, rare earth magnesium alloy further strengthens the mechanical properties at high temperature and effectively improves the properties of creep resistance, heat resistance and corrosion resistance, and is a typical representative of high performance magnesium alloy. Compared with the traditional casting method, the preparation of rare earth magnesium alloy by molten salt electrolysis has the advantages of uniform alloy composition, high yield, low cost and easy realization of large-scale and continuous production. The progress in the preparation of rare earth magnesium alloys by molten salt electrolysis is reviewed. The preparation of Mg-Y, Mg-Nd and Mg-Li-RE alloys is mainly introduced. The electrolysis of chloride and fluoride systems to prepare rare earth magnesium The advantages and disadvantages of the alloy are pointed out. It is pointed out that high electric energy consumption, low current efficiency and high tail gas emission are the main problems existing in the current molten salt electrolysis for the preparation of rare earth magnesium alloys, and the corresponding solutions are proposed. Finally, the possible future development Trend, that the direct preparation of electrolytic multi-alloy and the development of environmentally friendly electrolysis process is the future of molten salt electrolysis production of rare earth magnesium alloy important research direction.