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Everyone loves dolphins. They’re 1）adorable， playful and super 2）intelligent.
Man #1： The dolphins have learned a simple 3）sign language.
Woman #1： These so-called big brained 4）mammal.
Woman #2： Their intelligence actually 5）rivals ours.
Man #2： As far as I know， other than humans， dolphins are the only ones that can do this.
But recently， some researchers have been saying hang on a minute. Dolphins may not be as special as you think. In a recent piece for the magazine New Scientist， Caroline Williams rounds up some of the 6）dissenting opinions.
Caroline Williams： A researcher called Paul Manger came along and said， OK， well， all these great things that they can do—if you compare them to other mammals， they start looking less special—and， erm， and saying that we really just love them too much.
So I asked her to qualify us some of the ideas we have about dolphin brilliance. What about the idea that they can understand 7）symbols the way humans can？
Williams： Well， the studies show that they can. Paul Manger comes back and says， well， so can sea lions. And actually the sea lions learn it quicker. But we’re not looking at sea lions and going， wow， they’re so intelligent. We love them. You know， we should…we should go and 8）commune with them
OK， well， what about the mirror test？ Dolphins can recognize themselves， right？ So they have a sense of self. Well， not so fast say some scientists.
Williams： If you look at the data， they perform the same behavior when the mirror is there and when it’s not.
But what about their huge brains？ Williams： Yeah， they do have big brains. But then again， the relationship between size and intelligence is…is kind of a 9）tricky one anyway.
I asked Caroline Williams if with all the 10）focus on dolphins， could we be 11）overlooking the intelligence of animals that are， well， less cute and smiley？ Williams： Yeah， I think so. I did speak to one researcher called Justin Gregg， who’s just written a book called Are Dolphins Really Smart？ And he 12）reckons that a lot of it comes down to a man called John Lilly， who was a researcher back in the 60s. And he was the one that was 13）responsible for this image as peaceful， loving geniuses and 14）spiritual healers and all that kind of thing.
John Lilly thought dolphins were at least as intelligent as humans and spent years trying to 15）figure out a way to 16）communicate with the animals. His life and work were an 17）inspiration for the 1973 science fiction film [The] Day of the Dolphin. George C. Scott plays a version of Doctor Lilly， a researcher who actually teaches dolphins to speak English. （Soundbite of film， The Day of the Dolphin） George C. Scott： （As Dr. Jake Terrell） Where is the ball？ What did we do with the ball？
（Soundbite of dolphin speaking English） Scott： （As Dr. Jake Terrell） Did Fa stop thee？
（Soundbite of dolphin speaking English）
OK， that’s a little bit silly. But Williams says that despite the fact that the real Doctor John Lilly did 18）outlandish things， like dropping 19）acid with his dolphins， his research got a lot of attention. Williams： As a result of his early work， dolphins did start to get more attention， so more researchers started looking into their intelligence. And Justin Gregg said to me， well， maybe if similar things had been said about sea lions back then， maybe they’d have had just as much studies.
So that’s been good and bad really， ’cause it means that we do understand dolphins quite well， because there’s been a lot of research done on them. But maybe that has 20）elevated them above other 21）species—it may be fairly or it may turn out that they’re 22）on a par with lots of other species as well.
Science journalist Caroline Williams wrote the piece Behind the Smile： What Dolphins Really Think in New Scientist magazine.
人人都爱海豚，它们可爱、爱玩，而且智力超群。
男声1：海豚学会了一个简单的手势语。
女声1：被称作拥有大型脑部的哺乳动物。
女声2：它们的智力其实和我们不相上下。
男声2：据我所知，除了人类，海豚是唯一能完成这件事的动物。
然而最近，一些研究人员却说等等—海豚也许没有你想象的那么特别。在《新科学家》杂志最近刊登的一篇文章中，卡罗琳·威廉姆斯整理了其中几个反对意见。
卡罗琳·威廉姆斯：一位名叫保罗·曼格的研究员站出来说—好吧，海豚能做的所有这些了不起的事，如果你将它们和其他哺乳动物比较一下，就会发现它们没有那么特别。呃，他说我们只是太偏爱海豚了。
于是，我叫她选一些我们认为海豚拥有高智商的例子，比如说它们能像人类那样理解各种符号。
威廉姆斯：是的，研究显示它们能做到。保罗·曼格则说，海狮也可以。事实上，海狮学得更快。但我们不会对着海狮说，哇，它们真聪明，我们太爱它们了。你知道，我们应该……应该去和它们沟通。
好吧，那么镜子测试呢？海豚能够认出自己，不是吗？那就是说它们有自我意识。然而，一些科学家说别这么快下定论。
威廉姆斯：如果你看看数据，就会发现它们在有镜子和没镜子的情况下表现是一样的。
但是，它们巨大的脑袋又怎么解释？
威廉姆斯：是的，它们的脑部确实很大。但是，尺寸和智力之间的关系不好说。
我问卡罗琳·威廉姆斯，假如所有的关注都放在海豚上，我们会不会忽视了那些没那么可爱、爱笑的动物的智力呢？
威廉姆斯：是的，我认为是这样。我确实和一位名叫贾斯丁·格雷格的研究员谈过，他刚写完一本叫《海豚真的聪明吗？》的书。他估计，这种关注很大程度上要归结到一个名叫约翰·莉莉的人身上，他是上世纪60年代的一位研究员。海豚被塑造成安静可爱的天才、灵性治愈者等形象，要拜他所赐。
约翰·莉莉认为海豚的智力起码和人类相当，他花了很多年试图找到和这种动物沟通的方法。他的生活和工作启发了1973年的科幻电影《海豚之日》。乔治·C. 斯科特扮演类似莉莉博士的角色——一名教海豚说英语的研究员。
（《海豚之日》电影片段）
乔治·C. 斯科特：（饰演杰克·特勒尔博士）球在
哪里？我们把球怎么了？
（海豚说英语）
斯科特：（饰演杰克·特勒尔博士）爸爸让你停下来了吗？
（海豚说英语）
好吧，有点傻。然而威廉姆斯说，尽管现实中的约翰·莉莉博士曾经对他的那些海豚做出施加迷幻药等怪异的行为，但他的研究引起了极大关注。
威廉姆斯：由于他的早期研究，海豚确实得到越来越多关注，越来越多研究员开始研究它们的智商。贾斯丁·格雷格对我说，要是当时海狮也得到类似的关注，针对它们的研究可能就会和海豚一样多。
那么，结果有好也有坏吧。因为这意味着我们确实更加了解海豚，因为针对它们的研究有很多；但这也许抬高了它们（对比其他物种）的地位—或许是应该的，但也许它们和其他很多物种其实没多大区别。
科学记者卡罗琳·威廉姆斯是《新科学家》杂志上《笑脸背后：海豚的真正想法》一文的作者。
Man #1： The dolphins have learned a simple 3）sign language.
Woman #1： These so-called big brained 4）mammal.
Woman #2： Their intelligence actually 5）rivals ours.
Man #2： As far as I know， other than humans， dolphins are the only ones that can do this.
But recently， some researchers have been saying hang on a minute. Dolphins may not be as special as you think. In a recent piece for the magazine New Scientist， Caroline Williams rounds up some of the 6）dissenting opinions.
Caroline Williams： A researcher called Paul Manger came along and said， OK， well， all these great things that they can do—if you compare them to other mammals， they start looking less special—and， erm， and saying that we really just love them too much.
So I asked her to qualify us some of the ideas we have about dolphin brilliance. What about the idea that they can understand 7）symbols the way humans can？
Williams： Well， the studies show that they can. Paul Manger comes back and says， well， so can sea lions. And actually the sea lions learn it quicker. But we’re not looking at sea lions and going， wow， they’re so intelligent. We love them. You know， we should…we should go and 8）commune with them
OK， well， what about the mirror test？ Dolphins can recognize themselves， right？ So they have a sense of self. Well， not so fast say some scientists.
Williams： If you look at the data， they perform the same behavior when the mirror is there and when it’s not.
But what about their huge brains？ Williams： Yeah， they do have big brains. But then again， the relationship between size and intelligence is…is kind of a 9）tricky one anyway.
I asked Caroline Williams if with all the 10）focus on dolphins， could we be 11）overlooking the intelligence of animals that are， well， less cute and smiley？ Williams： Yeah， I think so. I did speak to one researcher called Justin Gregg， who’s just written a book called Are Dolphins Really Smart？ And he 12）reckons that a lot of it comes down to a man called John Lilly， who was a researcher back in the 60s. And he was the one that was 13）responsible for this image as peaceful， loving geniuses and 14）spiritual healers and all that kind of thing.
John Lilly thought dolphins were at least as intelligent as humans and spent years trying to 15）figure out a way to 16）communicate with the animals. His life and work were an 17）inspiration for the 1973 science fiction film [The] Day of the Dolphin. George C. Scott plays a version of Doctor Lilly， a researcher who actually teaches dolphins to speak English. （Soundbite of film， The Day of the Dolphin） George C. Scott： （As Dr. Jake Terrell） Where is the ball？ What did we do with the ball？
（Soundbite of dolphin speaking English） Scott： （As Dr. Jake Terrell） Did Fa stop thee？
（Soundbite of dolphin speaking English）
OK， that’s a little bit silly. But Williams says that despite the fact that the real Doctor John Lilly did 18）outlandish things， like dropping 19）acid with his dolphins， his research got a lot of attention. Williams： As a result of his early work， dolphins did start to get more attention， so more researchers started looking into their intelligence. And Justin Gregg said to me， well， maybe if similar things had been said about sea lions back then， maybe they’d have had just as much studies.
So that’s been good and bad really， ’cause it means that we do understand dolphins quite well， because there’s been a lot of research done on them. But maybe that has 20）elevated them above other 21）species—it may be fairly or it may turn out that they’re 22）on a par with lots of other species as well.
Science journalist Caroline Williams wrote the piece Behind the Smile： What Dolphins Really Think in New Scientist magazine.
人人都爱海豚，它们可爱、爱玩，而且智力超群。
男声1：海豚学会了一个简单的手势语。
女声1：被称作拥有大型脑部的哺乳动物。
女声2：它们的智力其实和我们不相上下。
男声2：据我所知，除了人类，海豚是唯一能完成这件事的动物。
然而最近，一些研究人员却说等等—海豚也许没有你想象的那么特别。在《新科学家》杂志最近刊登的一篇文章中，卡罗琳·威廉姆斯整理了其中几个反对意见。
卡罗琳·威廉姆斯：一位名叫保罗·曼格的研究员站出来说—好吧，海豚能做的所有这些了不起的事，如果你将它们和其他哺乳动物比较一下，就会发现它们没有那么特别。呃，他说我们只是太偏爱海豚了。
于是，我叫她选一些我们认为海豚拥有高智商的例子，比如说它们能像人类那样理解各种符号。
威廉姆斯：是的，研究显示它们能做到。保罗·曼格则说，海狮也可以。事实上，海狮学得更快。但我们不会对着海狮说，哇，它们真聪明，我们太爱它们了。你知道，我们应该……应该去和它们沟通。
好吧，那么镜子测试呢？海豚能够认出自己，不是吗？那就是说它们有自我意识。然而，一些科学家说别这么快下定论。
威廉姆斯：如果你看看数据，就会发现它们在有镜子和没镜子的情况下表现是一样的。
但是，它们巨大的脑袋又怎么解释？
威廉姆斯：是的，它们的脑部确实很大。但是，尺寸和智力之间的关系不好说。
我问卡罗琳·威廉姆斯，假如所有的关注都放在海豚上，我们会不会忽视了那些没那么可爱、爱笑的动物的智力呢？
威廉姆斯：是的，我认为是这样。我确实和一位名叫贾斯丁·格雷格的研究员谈过，他刚写完一本叫《海豚真的聪明吗？》的书。他估计，这种关注很大程度上要归结到一个名叫约翰·莉莉的人身上，他是上世纪60年代的一位研究员。海豚被塑造成安静可爱的天才、灵性治愈者等形象，要拜他所赐。
约翰·莉莉认为海豚的智力起码和人类相当，他花了很多年试图找到和这种动物沟通的方法。他的生活和工作启发了1973年的科幻电影《海豚之日》。乔治·C. 斯科特扮演类似莉莉博士的角色——一名教海豚说英语的研究员。
（《海豚之日》电影片段）
乔治·C. 斯科特：（饰演杰克·特勒尔博士）球在
哪里？我们把球怎么了？
（海豚说英语）
斯科特：（饰演杰克·特勒尔博士）爸爸让你停下来了吗？
（海豚说英语）
好吧，有点傻。然而威廉姆斯说，尽管现实中的约翰·莉莉博士曾经对他的那些海豚做出施加迷幻药等怪异的行为，但他的研究引起了极大关注。
威廉姆斯：由于他的早期研究，海豚确实得到越来越多关注，越来越多研究员开始研究它们的智商。贾斯丁·格雷格对我说，要是当时海狮也得到类似的关注，针对它们的研究可能就会和海豚一样多。
那么，结果有好也有坏吧。因为这意味着我们确实更加了解海豚，因为针对它们的研究有很多；但这也许抬高了它们（对比其他物种）的地位—或许是应该的，但也许它们和其他很多物种其实没多大区别。
科学记者卡罗琳·威廉姆斯是《新科学家》杂志上《笑脸背后：海豚的真正想法》一文的作者。