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目的了解哈尔滨城乡地区中小学生生活习惯对其营养状况的影响,为指导中小学生养成健康的生活方式提供基础数据。方法于2014年9月随机抽取哈尔滨市城乡的小学(四、五年级)、初中、高中各1所学校,采用2014年全国学生体质与健康调研学生问卷对5 016名学生进行问卷调查以及身高、体重现场测量。结果城市学生中睡眠时间<8h/d的占62.0%,乡村地区睡眠<8 h/d的占55.1%;城、乡地区不吃早餐的学生占1.2%和3.1%;城乡地区分别有27.5%和28.4%的学生认为课业负担过重应付不来;城乡地区学生每天体育锻炼时间不足30 min的比例分别为27.7%,24.9%。城乡学生的睡眠时间、吃早餐情况、喝牛奶、吃鸡蛋、课业负担感受、每天做作业时间、看电视玩游戏时间、每天体育锻炼时间、上体育课的感受差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为30.80,46.50,110.86,18.41,56.48,186.83,117.40,147.87,119.58,P值均<0.01)。学生的体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)整体上随着年龄的增长而增大,9,13,14,17岁城乡男女生之间BMI差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。哈尔滨地区学生仍存在营养不良和超重肥胖的现象,尤以超重、肥胖情况严重,并且男生检出率高于女生,但营养不良状况男女生之间的比较与之相反。多元线性回归分析结果显示,愿意参加长跑锻炼、每天平均睡眠时间、上体育课时的感觉、平均每天作家庭作业的时间、每周吃鸡蛋情况、平均每天看电视、玩游戏的时间、父母在业余时间里是否喜欢参加体育活动、每周吃早餐情况是中小学生营养状况的重要影响因素。结论哈尔滨城、乡中小学生中依然存在着不良生活习惯现象,对学生的生长发育会产生不良的影响。
Objective To understand the influence of primary and secondary school students’ habits on the nutritional status of urban and rural areas in Harbin and provide basic data for guiding primary and secondary school students to develop healthy life style. Methods A total of 1 0 schools in primary and secondary schools in urban and rural areas of Harbin were randomly selected in September 2014. A total of 5 016 students were surveyed using the 2014 National Student Physique and Health Survey questionnaire and their height, Weight measurement in the field. Results Urban students sleep time <8h / d accounted for 62.0%, rural areas sleep <8h / d accounted for 55.1%; urban and rural areas do not eat breakfast accounted for 1.2% and 3.1%; urban and rural areas respectively 27.5% And 28.4% of students think that overburdening of schoolwork can not be done. In urban and rural areas, the proportion of students who take less than 30 minutes physical exercise per day is 27.7% and 24.9% respectively. Urban and rural students sleep time, eating breakfast, drinking milk, eating eggs, the burden of homework, doing homework every day, watching TV play time, daily physical exercise time, physical education experience differences were statistically significant (χ2 value Respectively, 30.80,46.50,110.86,18.41,56.48,186.83,117.40,147.87,119.58, P <0.01). The body mass index (BMI) of students increased with age as a whole. There was significant difference in BMI between male and female 9, 13, 14 and 17 years old (P <0.05) . Harbin students still malnutrition and overweight and obesity, especially overweight, obesity is serious, and the detection rate of boys is higher than girls, but malnutrition between male and female students in the opposite. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that willing to participate in long-distance exercise, the average daily sleep time, the feeling of physical education class, the average daily time for homework, eating eggs every week, the average daily watching TV, playing games, parents in amateur Whether the time like to participate in sports, weekly breakfast is an important factor affecting the nutritional status of primary and secondary school students. Conclusion There are still some unhealthy living habits among primary and middle school students in Harbin city and township, which will adversely affect the growth and development of students.