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探索了不同遗传背景条件下BC3F2代大豆蛋白质含量及脂肪含量的遗传规律,旨在为选配优良的杂交组合及制定有效育种方案提供理论基础。分别以红丰11和早熟18大豆品种为供体亲本,黑龙江省主栽品种东农47为受体亲本,采用回交3次、自交2次,得到2个回交群体,并对其后代群体的蛋白质含量、油分含量、百粒重等农艺性状进行方差及相关性等分析。结果表明:2个回交群体间籽粒蛋白质和油分含量差异显著,且同一组合后代群体内表现一致性较好。相关分析表明BC3F2代蛋白质、油分含量与供体及受体亲本均呈不显著正相关;BC3F2后代家系的蛋白质、油分含量与双亲差值呈不显著负相关,与中亲值呈显著正相关,因此用双亲中亲值来预测杂交组合BC3F2代的蛋白质和油分含量平均值更加准确。相关分析结果表明百粒重和株高可以作为间接选育大豆高蛋白质和高脂肪品系的间接依据;在大豆高油或高蛋白育种中,亲本宜采用双亲差异大且中亲值较高的来配置组合。
The genetic rules of protein content and fat content of BC3F2 generation in different genetic backgrounds were explored to provide a theoretical basis for selecting good hybrid combinations and establishing effective breeding programs. Hongfeng 11 and early maturing 18 soybean varieties were used as the donor’s parents, and Dongnong 47, a major cultivar of Heilongjiang Province, was used as the recipient parent. Two backcrosses were obtained by backcrossing twice and backcrossing twice, and their offspring Population protein content, oil content, grain weight and other agronomic traits variance and correlation analysis. The results showed that there were significant differences in grain protein and oil content among the two backcrossed groups, and the consistency of the performance of the same combination of progenies was good. Correlation analysis showed that protein and oil content of BC3F2 generation had no significant positive correlation with donor and recipient parents. There was no significant negative correlation between protein and oil content of BC3F2 progeny and parents, Therefore, it is more accurate to predict the average protein and oil content of BC3F2 generation in the crosses with the parents’ parents. The results of correlation analysis indicated that 100-grain weight and plant height could be used as indirect basis for indirect breeding of high-protein and high-fat soybean lines. In high-oil or high-protein soybean breeding, Configure the combination.