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海草床具有重要生态服务功能和经济价值,其生态修复成为沿岸环境工程的重要内容之一。但日本大叶藻(Zostera japonica)的生态功能与保护在东西方科学界却倍受争议。日本大叶藻不仅在形态上与同属物种有着明显的区别,生长与繁殖具明显的纬度效应,进化出多种环境适应机制。其资源分布在太平洋两岸呈现相反趋势:在原产地,资源衰退,是重点保护物种;在北美沿岸地区,分布区域不断扩展,给当地的生态系统和经济发展带来负面影响,成为入侵物种。密切跟踪日本大叶藻资源动态、甄别其生态功能和制定科学的管理措施将成为今后研究的重点方向。
Seagrass beds have important ecological service functions and economic value, and their ecological restoration has become one of the important contents of coastal environmental engineering. However, the ecological function and conservation of Zostera japonica have been widely debated in the eastern and western scientific communities. Japan’s seagrass not only in morphology with the same species have a significant difference, growth and reproduction with a significant latitude effect, evolved a variety of environmental adaptation mechanisms. The distribution of resources on the two sides of the Pacific shows the opposite trend. In the place of origin, resources are declining and are the key protected species. In the North American coastal areas, the distribution area is expanding continuously, adversely affecting the local ecosystems and economic development and becoming an invasive species. Closely tracking the dynamics of Japanese seagrass resources, identifying its ecological functions and formulating scientific management measures will become the focus of future research.