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穿孔爆破是露天矿开采的主要模式,爆破产生的冲击效应将导致周边岩体出现不同程度的损伤破裂,影响台阶边坡的稳定性。提出一种利用钻孔注水试验评价爆破周边岩体等效损伤场的方法,通过向若干钻孔内注满水,记录不同时间的水位,绘制水位随时间的变化曲线,并最终获得不同位置的损伤程度及损伤深度。采用相对损伤因子定量化表征爆破对岩体的损伤程度,通过水位-时间曲线中速降段与平缓段的交界点反映岩体的损伤深度及损伤距离。通过试验发现,爆破引起的周边岩体损伤范围一般在20 m之内,引起的最大损伤深度在12 m以内;铁矿的抗爆能力高于灰岩,相同位置铁矿的相对损伤因子比灰岩的小7.5%左右,铁矿的最大损伤距离及最大损伤深度均比灰岩的小4~6 m;某些情况下注水后水位会快速降至某一特定高程,然后保持不变,表明该高程出现了贯通性导水带,可通过窥视仪等设备进行观察校核。
Perforated blasting is the main mode of open-pit mining, the impact of blasting will lead to different degrees of damage around the rock mass rupture, affecting the stability of the step slope. A method to evaluate equivalent damage field of rock mass surrounding blasting by drilling water injection test is proposed. By filling water into several holes, the water level at different time is recorded and the curve of water level with time is plotted. Finally, Degree of injury and depth of injury. The relative damage factor is used to quantitatively characterize the degree of damage to the rock mass by blasting. The damage depth and damage distance of the rock mass are reflected by the junction of the descending section and the gentle section in the water level-time curve. It is found through experiments that the damage range of the surrounding rock mass caused by blasting is generally within 20 m and the maximum damage depth caused by blasting is within 12 m. The antiknock capability of iron ore is higher than that of limestone. The relative damage factor of iron ore in the same location is higher than that of gray About 7.5% smaller than the rock, the maximum damage distance and maximum damage depth of iron ore are 4 ~ 6 m smaller than limestone; in some cases, the water level will rapidly drop to a certain elevation after water injection and remain unchanged, indicating The elevation of the emergence of the conductivity band, through the peep and other equipment for inspection.