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机械行业是除冶金、建材、化工、电力、运输外,耗能较高的行业之一。该行业的节能降耗,对整个国民经济的发展,有着重要的意义。目前,一些企业由于设备陈旧、技术与管理落后,浪费能源的现象还普遍存在,能耗水平与先进水平差距很大,如先进工业国家每吨铸件单位产品能耗为352～400公斤标准煤,作者对中国铸造协会30个有代表性的工厂1988年的单位产品能耗进行了统计,平均每吨铸件为782公斤标准煤,比先进工业国家的能耗高出一倍左右。仅此不难看出,机械行业的节能工作有较大的潜力,同时也是促进机械行业加强管理、推进技术进步,缩小与发达国家差距,提高全行业经济效益的重要措施。
The machinery industry is one of the industries with higher energy consumption besides metallurgy, building materials, chemicals, electricity, and transportation. The energy saving and consumption reduction of the industry is of great significance to the development of the entire national economy. At present, due to outdated equipment, backward technology and management, some enterprises waste energy, and there is a big gap between energy consumption level and advanced level. For example, energy consumption per ton casting unit product in advanced industrial countries is 352 to 400 kg standard coal. The author counts the energy consumption per unit product of 30 representative factories of the China Foundry Association in 1988. The average per ton of castings is 782 kg of standard coal, which is about double the energy consumption of advanced industrial countries. It is not difficult to see that the energy saving work of the machinery industry has great potential, and it is also an important measure to promote the mechanical industry to strengthen management, advance technological progress, narrow the gap with developed countries, and improve the economic efficiency of the entire industry.