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随着经济水平提高,城市化进程的加快,对资源的需求持续增加。由于资源分布的不均衡,资源流动规模和频率都明显增大和加强。资源由资源输出地区向资源输入地区流动。同时,由于资源开发产生的生态环境负担由资源输入地区向资源输出地区转移。文章针对这一现象,选择北京为研究区域,从能源和水资源输入两个方面进行研究,分析北京市水资源输入以及能源结构调整对资源输出地的生态环境影响程度。分析结果表明,资源输入尤其是优质清洁能源输入对北京环境改善起到了很重的作用,但也增加了资源输出地区生态环境负担的输入量,2000～2006年间,山西省向北京输送电力产生的环境经济损失估算量量高达91.19亿元。与输入煤炭资源相比,北京市电力输入量增加1%,由于发电产生二次环境污染的环境经济损失增加3769万元。
With the improvement of economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the demand for resources continues to increase. Owing to the unbalanced distribution of resources, the scale and frequency of resource flows have obviously increased and intensified. Resources flow from the resource export area to the resource import area. At the same time, the ecological and environmental burdens caused by resource development are transferred from resources input areas to resource output areas. In view of this phenomenon, this paper chooses Beijing as the research area, studies from the two aspects of energy and water input, analyzes the impact of Beijing’s water resources input and the energy structure adjustment on the ecological environment of the resource output. The results show that the input of resources, especially high-quality clean energy, plays a very important role in improving the environment in Beijing, but it also increases the input of ecological environment in the regions where resources are exported. From 2000 to 2006, Shanxi Province sent electricity to Beijing Estimated amount of environmental economic losses amounted to 9.119 billion yuan. Compared with the input coal resources, Beijing’s power input increased by 1%, due to secondary environmental pollution caused by power generation and environmental economic losses increased 37.69 million yuan.