目前结核病是严重威胁人类健康的重要杀手。据世界卫生组织(WHO)统计数据显示,全球近1/3的人口已经感染了结核分枝杆菌,每年新增结核病患者约900万,每年死亡人数约300万,而我国结核病患病人数占全球的14.3%,位居全球第二位,是全球22个结核病高负担国家之一。由于抗结核药物的不规范使用,导致了耐多药肺结核(MDR-TB)、广泛耐药性肺结核(XDR-TB)的出现和传播,全球每年新发耐多药结核病病例约500 000起,其中,中 At present, tuberculosis is an important killer that seriously threatens human health. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) statistics, nearly one-third of the world’s population has been infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, about 900,000 TB patients are newly added each year and the annual death toll is about 3 million, while the number of tuberculosis patients in the world accounts for Of the world’s 14.3%, ranking second in the world, is the world’s 22 countries with high burden of tuberculosis. Due to the irregular use of anti-TB drugs, which led to the emergence and spread of MDR-TB and XDR-TB, about 500,000 MDR-TB cases were newly reported each year in the world, Among them,