针对采用偏振编码的卫星量子通信中的偏振保持问题,研究了大气散射和卫星与地面站间相对运动对量子偏振态相位和对准的具体影响。仿真分析了量子偏振态相位延迟和对准误差对系统量子误码率的影响,提出了一种新的BB84协议与半波片旋转相结合的偏振补偿方案。该方案通过对准提前量补偿的加入弥补原有补偿方案补偿过程中不能进行通信的缺陷,可基本实现零角度偏振误差,保证卫星量子通信的安全可靠性,且因该方案仅需在原有系统上添加一个半波片,易于实现。 Aiming at the problem of polarization preserving in satellite quantum communication using polarization coding, the specific effects of atmospheric scattering and the relative motion between satellite and ground station on the phase and alignment of the quantum polarization states are studied. The influence of phase delay and alignment errors of quantum polarization state on the quantum error rate of the system is simulated and analyzed. A novel polarization compensation scheme combining the BB84 protocol and half-wave plate rotation is proposed. The scheme compensates for the shortcomings that the original compensation scheme can not carry out communication by compensating the addition of the advance compensation and can basically realize the zero-angle polarization error to ensure the safety and reliability of the satellite quantum communication. Because this scheme only needs to be in the original system Add a half-wave plate, easy to implement.