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水凝胶是一种交联高分子材料,在药物传输、传感器技术、组织工程中发挥重要作用。通过高效率和高精确度的点击反应合成水凝胶,具有快速、模块化以及副反应少等优点,并且能够得到近乎理想的网络结构。Cu(Ⅰ)催化的叠氮-炔之间的环加成(CuAAC)反应作为点击反应的典型代表,已广泛应用于水凝胶的制备。但由于该反应在制备水凝胶的过程中使用了Cu(Ⅰ)催化剂,导致产品易被金属铜盐污染,从而使该反应在其制备领域受到限制。基于此,无铜点击反应,如巯基-烯/炔反应、呋喃/蒽-马来酰亚胺(MI)修饰的Diels-Alder环加成(D-A)反应以及环张力促进的叠氮-炔环加成反应(SPAAC)已经被应用到水凝胶的制备以及功能化方面。本文就近年来上述无铜点击反应在水凝胶合成及功能化方面的应用进行综述,并对其发展趋势进行展望。
Hydrogel is a cross-linked polymer material that plays an important role in drug delivery, sensor technology, and tissue engineering. The hydrogels are synthesized by high-efficiency and high-precision click reaction, which has the advantages of fastness, modularization and less side reaction, and can obtain a nearly ideal network structure. Cu (Ⅰ) catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction as a typical representative of the click reaction has been widely used in the preparation of hydrogels. However, since the reaction uses a Cu (I) catalyst in the preparation of a hydrogel, the product is easily contaminated with metallic copper salts, thereby limiting the reaction in the field of its preparation. Based on this, copper-free click reactions such as thiol-ene / alkyne reactions, Diels-Alder cycloaddition (DA) reactions with furan / anthracene- maleimide (MI) modifications and ring tension-promoted azide- Addition reactions (SPAAC) have been applied to the preparation and functionalization of hydrogels. This review summarizes the application of the above copper-free click reaction in the synthesis and functionalization of hydrogels in recent years, and looks forward to its development trend.