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目的了解住院患者的医院感染现状及医院感染发生的相关危险因素,评价医院感染干预措施的效果,改进医院感染管理工作中的不足。方法采用横断面调查方法,对2011年9月3日住院患者进行医院感染患病率调查。结果调查住院患者236例,发生医院感染11例,患病率4.66%,部位感染例次13例,例次感染率5.51%。呼吸道感染5例均为上呼吸道,占38.47%;皮肤软组织感染3例,占23.08%,口腔感染2例,占15.39%,胃肠道感染、血液感染、血管相关感染各1例,占23.06%。调查当日抗菌药物使用率59.75%,其中单联用药72.34%,二联用药25.53%,三联2.12%。结论小儿、高龄、实施侵入性操作及污染手术、严重创伤患者中,发生医院感染的几率较高,临床科室应加强此类患者的管理及监控,合理使用抗菌药物,降低医院感染发生率。
Objective To understand the status of nosocomial infections in hospitalized patients and the related risk factors of nosocomial infections, evaluate the effect of nosocomial infection interventions and improve the management of nosocomial infections. Methods The cross-sectional survey method was used to investigate the prevalence of nosocomial infection in hospitalized patients on September 3, 2011. Results In-hospital patients were investigated in 236 cases, nosocomial infection in 11 cases, the prevalence rate of 4.66%, the site of infection in 13 cases, the rate of infection was 5.51%. Respiratory tract infection in 5 cases were upper respiratory tract, accounting for 38.47%; 3 cases of skin and soft tissue infections, accounting for 23.08%, oral infections in 2 cases, accounting for 15.39%, gastrointestinal tract infections, bloodstream infections, vascular related infections in 1 case, accounting for 23.06% . On the day of investigation, the antimicrobial usage rate was 59.75%, of which 72.34% were single drug combination, 25.53% were two drug combination and 2.12% were triple. Conclusion In pediatric and elderly patients, there is a high risk of nosocomial infection in patients who have undergone invasive operations, contaminated operations and severe trauma. Clinical departments should strengthen the management and monitoring of such patients and make rational use of antimicrobial agents to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections.