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埃尔夫瑞德·查特曼的小世界信息行为理论包括信息贫困理论、圆周生活理论和规范行为理论。小世界是拥有共同世界观和社会规范的一个相对小的社会生活空间或社群。查特曼利用“小世界生活”视角来解释信息贫困,认为信息贫困并不一定与经济贫困相关,“小世界”的社会规范和社会交往行为等所形成的局内人和局外人结构为信息获取和分享行为带来屏障。在圆周生活理论和规范行为理论中,查特曼进一步讨论了“社会规范”、“小世界”和“信息行为”这些概念,并将其理论应用从极端贫困和隔离的人群拓展到了受限制较小信息环境下的人群。查特曼小世界信息行为理论的构建,关注社会情境和社会交往,从社会学借鉴理论概念,并运用了人类学种族志研究方法,改变了从认知和心理视角进行研究的学术传统,开创了人类信息行为研究的社会学范式。
Elfred Chatman’s theory of small-world information behavior includes information-poor theory, life-cycle theory and normative behavior theory. The small world is a relatively small space or community of social life that has a common worldview and social norms. Chartman used “small world life” perspective to explain the information poverty, that information poverty is not necessarily related to economic poverty, “small world ” social norms and social interaction behavior formed by the insider and outsider structure Barriers to access and sharing of information. In the theory of circular life and normative behavior, Chatman further discusses the concepts of “social norms”, “small world” and “information behavior”, and applies his theory from extreme poverty and isolation The crowd has expanded to include people in less restricted information environments. Chatterman’s theory of small-world information behavior, focusing on social situations and social interaction, draws on the concept of the theory from sociology and applies the anthropological ethnography to change the academic tradition from the cognitive and psychological perspectives, A Sociological Paradigm for the Study of Human Information Behavior.