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目的 了解九江市老年人的健康状况及影响因素 ,为制定老年保健措施提供依据。方法 通过问卷填表形式 ,抽样调查 6 0岁以上老年 10 180人 ,获取有效表格 476 0份 ,录入微机 ,作统计分析。结果 ①476 0人中 ,患病人数 2 0 6 3人 ,患病率 44 3%。②配偶健在的老年人患病率高于配偶已故者 (P <0 0 0 1)。③职业对健康有明显影响。④文化水平越高患病率越高 (P <0 0 0 1)。⑤有固定工资及月收入在 5 0 0元以上者的患病率较之月收入在 10 0元以下或无收入者的患病率明显增高 (P <0 0 0 1)。⑥吸烟及饮酒的时间越长患病率越高 (P <0 0 0 1)。⑦睡眠时间每日在 10h左右和早睡早起者患病率低 ;每日少于 6h和晚睡晚起者患病率高 (P <0 0 0 1)。⑧日运动在 6h以上及喜欢田园劳动者患病率低。⑨喜食咸、酸食品者患病率比例高于其他嗜好者 ,无特殊嗜好者的患病率最低 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 影响老年人健康的主要因素有职业、家庭、文化水平、经济状况、运动、睡眠、个人嗜好及兴趣等 ;同时 ,医疗服务设施落后亦有一定影响。积极开展老年社区服务 ,倡导良好的卫生行为及生活习惯 ,将有助于老年健康水平的提高。
Objective To understand the health status and influencing factors of the elderly in Jiujiang City and provide the basis for formulating the elderly health care measures. Methods By means of questionnaire, 10 180 senile people over the age of 60 were sampled and 476 0 effective forms were obtained. The data were collected by computer for statistical analysis. Results ① There were 2 0 6 3 people in 4776 people, the prevalence was 44.3%. ② The prevalence of spouses living in older people than spouses deceased (P <0.01). ③ Occupational health has a significant impact. ④ The higher the cultural level, the higher the prevalence (P <0.01). ⑤The prevalence of those with fixed salary and monthly income over 500 yuan was significantly higher than those with monthly income below 10 yuan or without income (P <0.01). ⑥ smoking and drinking more time the higher the prevalence (P <0 0 0 1). ⑦ sleep time daily in about 10h and early morning before going to bed early onset prevalence was low; daily less than 6h and late bed late onset prevalence (P lt; 0 001). ⑧ daily exercise in 6h and like the low prevalence of rural workers. ⑨ eating salty, sour foods prevalence rate was higher than other hobby, no special addicts had the lowest prevalence (P <0 05). Conclusion The main factors influencing the health of the elderly are occupation, family, educational level, economic status, exercise, sleep, personal hobbies and interests, etc. Meanwhile, the backwardness of medical service facilities also has an impact. Actively carry out community service for the elderly, and advocate good health behaviors and living habits, will help improve the health of the elderly.