透镜:晚清国人印度游记中的二重观照

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引 言rn中国与印度同为亚洲古文明,彼此间文化交流源远流长,历代往来两地之人也绵绵不绝.在宋代以前,中国已有如法显、玄奘等佛教高僧赴印度求证佛法,两方交流中的“佛教因素”在唐代趋入高峰①.宋元以后,海路渐开,商贸勃兴,又极大改变了交流的途径和面貌②.到晚清时代,由海路至印度已成通途,康有为在1901年到印度,他记述道,从广东到加尔各答,“月有汽船六艘,海波不兴,如枕席上.遇粤之木工、履工集于印者数千人,吏于卫藏或商人多假途出入,岁月相望,视如门户”③.可见交通之繁密.
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