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The microstructure and properties of heavily deformed Cu-Ag-Ce in situ nano-filamentary composite were studied in this paper. As cast, copper matrixes were dendritic and Ag-rich phases, some of which present spheroidizing tendency, were embedded in Cu dentritic arms. After heavily deforming, Agrich phases develop into fibers: the thick fibers with a size of more than 50 nm and the thin ones with a size of less than 30 nm. Strengthening of Cu-Ag-Ce in situ nano-filamentary composite could be divided into two stages and the combination of different strength and conductivity could be obtained through controlling reducing area, intermediate heat treatment and stabilizing treatment. The results revealed that heavily deformed Cu-Ag-Ce in situ nano-filamentary composite had high strength ( ＞ 1.5GPa) and high conductivity(＞65 %IACS).