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目的:了解育龄妇女癌症综合知识和子宫颈癌防治知识的知晓情况,推广适宜农村地区的子宫颈癌筛查方法,促进子宫颈癌早诊早治,降低子宫颈癌的发病率和死亡率。方法:以35～55岁已婚妇女作为对象,进行以人群为基础的子宫颈癌筛查。对符合条件的妇女进行癌症综合知识及子宫颈癌防治知识知晓情况的问卷调查。受检妇女使用5%醋酸染色后肉眼观察(VIA)和2%碘染色后肉眼观察(VILI)宫颈改变,结果异常者进行阴道镜下活检并得到最终的病理学诊断。结果:有效问卷2029份,显示对吸烟、饮酒是癌症的主要危险因素等知晓率较高;而癌症的大多数危险因素、早诊早治方法和子宫颈癌的预防控制措施等许多方面知晓率较低。不同教育背景及不同年龄的知晓率存在较大差异,学历高、年龄轻的妇女知晓率高。2008年筛查适龄妇女2029人,96人采集了病理标本,最终病理确诊CINⅠ(轻度宫颈上皮内瘤变)4人,CINⅡ(中度宫颈上皮内瘤变)1人,CINⅢ(重度宫颈上皮内瘤变)/原位癌1人,早期浸润癌1人。≥CINⅡ的检出率为1.48‰。≥CIN总人数为7人,占VIA和VILI阳性人数的4.52%。2009年复查1760人,50人采集了病理标本,最终病理确诊CINⅠ11人,CINⅡ2人,≥CINⅡ的现患率为1.14‰。≥CIN总人数为13人,占VIA和VILI阳性人数的12.26%。两年累计检出≥CINⅡ5人,累计≥CINⅡ的检出率为2.46‰。结论:大丰市要针对不同对象进一步加大妇女生殖健康的宣传力度,积极开展预防子宫颈癌的健康教育,提高人群的癌症防治知识知晓率,同时有关部门应不断提高筛查水平,做到子宫颈癌的早发现、早诊断、早治疗。
Objective: To understand the awareness of women of childbearing age with knowledge of cancer and cervical cancer prevention and control knowledge, to promote screening methods suitable for cervical cancer in rural areas, promote early diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer, reduce the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer. METHODS: Married women aged 35-55 years were screened for population-based cervical cancer. Questionnaire survey of knowledge of cancer comprehensive knowledge and cervical cancer prevention and control among eligible women. Subjects underwent gross colposcopy (VIA) with visual inspection of 5% acetic acid (VIA) and visual inspection of the cervix (VILI) after 2% iodine staining. Patients with abnormal results underwent colposcopy biopsy with final pathological diagnosis. Results: There were 2029 valid questionnaires indicating that there was a high awareness rate of smoking and alcohol consumption as the major risk factors of cancer. However, most of the risk factors of cancer, early diagnosis and early treatment and cervical cancer prevention and control measures, among others, low. Different educational backgrounds and different ages have big differences in their awareness rate. Highly educated and young women have high awareness rate. In 2008, 2029 women of the right age were screened and 96 pathological specimens were collected. Four patients with pathologic diagnosis of CINⅠ (mild cervical intraepithelial neoplasia), one CINⅡ (moderate cervical intraepithelial neoplasia), CINⅢ Internal tumor) / carcinoma in situ 1, early invasive carcinoma 1. The detection rate of ≥INⅡ was 1.48 ‰. ≥CIN total number of 7 people, accounting for 4.52% of VIA and VILI positive number. In 2009, 1,760 people were reviewed, and 50 people were collected pathological specimens. The final pathological diagnosis of CIN11, CINⅡ2, ≥CIN Ⅱ prevalence was 1.14 ‰. ≥CIN total number of 13 people, accounting for VIA and VILI positive number of 12.26%. CINC5 was detected in two years, and the cumulative detection rate of CINⅡ was 2.46 ‰. Conclusion: Dafeng City should aim at different targets to further increase the publicity of women’s reproductive health, and actively carry out health education on cervical cancer prevention and improve people’s awareness of cancer prevention and control knowledge, and relevant departments should continuously raise the level of screening to achieve Early detection of cervical cancer, early diagnosis and early treatment.